Chapter 6 - Stuttering

Question 1

Incidence

Answer 1

Number of people who have had the disease

Question 2

Prevalence

Answer 2

Number of people who currently have disease

Question 3

Concordance

Answer 3

Occurrence of same condition in both twins

Question 4

Associated breathing abnormalities with stuttering

Answer 4

Attempt to speak on exhalation
Holding breathe before talking
Interruption of inhalation/exhalation
Rapid, jerky, tense breathing during speech

Question 5

Loci

Answer 5

Location in speech sequence where stuttering occurs
More than 90% on initial
More on content words (adults)
More on function words (preschoolers)

Question 6

Adaptation

Answer 6

Reduction in frequency of stuttering when a short passage is read repeatedly out loud

Question 7

Consistency

Answer 7

Occurrence of stuttering on same word when read aloud

Question 8

Adjacency effects

Answer 8

Occurrence of new stuttering on words that surrounded previously stuttered words

Question 9

Fluency modification approach

Answer 9

Van riper
Establish fluent stuttering
Identification -> desensitization -> modification -> stabilizing gains -> counseling client

Question 10

Fluency modification techniques

Answer 10

Cancellations

Pull outs

Question 11

Fluency shaping method

Answer 11

Establish normal fluency 
Teach airflow management 
Eat onset
Reduced rate of speech 
Maintenance strategies

Question 12

Fluency reinforcement model

Answer 12

Good with young children in their natural environment

Positive reinforcement for fluent utterances

Question 13

Direct stuttering methods

Answer 13

Pause and talk

Reponse cost

Question 14

Neurogenic stuttering

Answer 14

CVA and TBI most frequent

Use DAF To distinguish between this and early onset childhood

Question 15

Cluttering

Answer 15

Rapid but distorted articulation combined with high rate of dyslfuencies and impaired prosody
Spoonerisms
Tx focuses on prosody and rate