Chapter 2 - Speech Science Flashcards

1
Q

Phoneme

A

Smallest unit of sound to effect meaning

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2
Q

Syllable

A

Smallest phonetic unit

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3
Q

Allophone

A

Different variations of phonemes

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4
Q

Onset
Nucleus
Coda

A

Positions of words

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5
Q

2 systems of classifying sounds

A

1) Distinctive feature analysis: descriptions of speech sounds by unique characteristics that distinguish phonemes from another
2) Place, Manner, Voicing

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6
Q

Cognate pair

A

Sounds that differ only in voicing

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7
Q

Vowels classified by

A

Lip position (rounded/unrounded)
Tense/lax
Tongue height
Tongue advancement

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8
Q

Diphthong

A

Sound formed by combining two weeks in a single syllable, sounds beings as one vowel and moves to another (coin, loud)

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9
Q

Define sound in two ways

A

1) physical - vibration of molecules in medium

2) physiological - vibration of air that is audible

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10
Q

Compression

A

Phrase of a sound where vibration of an object increase density of air molecules

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11
Q

Rarefaction

A

Thinning of molecules when vibrating object returns to equilibrium

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12
Q

Harmonic

A

Whole number multiples of fundamental frequency

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13
Q

Simple harmonic motion

A

Back and forth of particles

Frequency that repeats itself

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14
Q

Sinusoidal wave

A

One peak

Horizontal and vertical are symmetric

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15
Q

Two main vibratory motion characteristics

A

Frequency and amplitude

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16
Q

Frequency

A

Cycles per second
Hz
Pitch

17
Q

Amplitude

A

Magnitude/direction of sound
dB
Intensity

18
Q

Period

A

Amount of time to complete 1 cycle

19
Q

Natural frequency

A

Frequency at which a sound normally vibrates

20
Q

Fundamental frequency

A

Lowest frequency or the first harmonic

21
Q

Octave

A

Interval between two frequencies

22
Q

Reflection

A

Sound that hits obstacle and travels backwards

23
Q

Rarefaction

A

Bending of sound wave

24
Q

Complex tone

A

2 tones of different frequencies are combined

25
Q

Change in velocity

A

Acceleration and deceleration

26
Q

Spectrogram shows

A

Time
Intensity
Frequency

27
Q

F1 and F2

A

F1 - tongue height; volume of pharyngeal cavity; lower tongue equals higher f1, higher tongue equals lower f1.

28
Q

Voice onset time

A

Time between release of stop and start of vowel

29
Q

For ants

A

Resonant frequencies of vocal tract

30
Q

Vocal tract

A

Quarter wave resonator
Open at lips
Closed at glottis

31
Q

4 vocal tract valves

A

Labial
Lingual
Velophagryngeal
Laryngeal

32
Q

Obstruents

A

Obstructing or constricted flow of air

Stops, fricatives, affricate

33
Q

Sonorants

A

Greater intensity
Less constricted vocal tract

Nasals, glides, liquids