Chapter 2 - Speech Science

Question 1

Phoneme

Answer 1

Smallest unit of sound to effect meaning

Question 2

Syllable

Answer 2

Smallest phonetic unit

Question 3

Allophone

Answer 3

Different variations of phonemes

Question 4

Onset
Nucleus
Coda

Answer 4

Positions of words

Question 5

2 systems of classifying sounds

Answer 5

1) Distinctive feature analysis: descriptions of speech sounds by unique characteristics that distinguish phonemes from another
2) Place, Manner, Voicing

Question 6

Cognate pair

Answer 6

Sounds that differ only in voicing

Question 7

Vowels classified by

Answer 7

Lip position (rounded/unrounded)
Tense/lax
Tongue height
Tongue advancement

Question 8

Diphthong

Answer 8

Sound formed by combining two weeks in a single syllable, sounds beings as one vowel and moves to another (coin, loud)

Question 9

Define sound in two ways

Answer 9

1) physical - vibration of molecules in medium

2) physiological - vibration of air that is audible

Question 10

Compression

Answer 10

Phrase of a sound where vibration of an object increase density of air molecules

Question 11

Rarefaction

Answer 11

Thinning of molecules when vibrating object returns to equilibrium

Question 12

Harmonic

Answer 12

Whole number multiples of fundamental frequency

Question 13

Simple harmonic motion

Answer 13

Back and forth of particles

Frequency that repeats itself

Question 14

Sinusoidal wave

Answer 14

One peak

Horizontal and vertical are symmetric

Question 15

Two main vibratory motion characteristics

Answer 15

Frequency and amplitude

Question 16

Frequency

Answer 16

Cycles per second
Hz
Pitch

Question 17

Amplitude

Answer 17

Magnitude/direction of sound
dB
Intensity

Question 18

Period

Answer 18

Amount of time to complete 1 cycle

Question 19

Natural frequency

Answer 19

Frequency at which a sound normally vibrates

Question 20

Fundamental frequency

Answer 20

Lowest frequency or the first harmonic

Question 21

Octave

Answer 21

Interval between two frequencies

Question 22

Reflection

Answer 22

Sound that hits obstacle and travels backwards

Question 23

Rarefaction

Answer 23

Bending of sound wave

Question 24

Complex tone

Answer 24

2 tones of different frequencies are combined

Question 25

Change in velocity

Answer 25

Acceleration and deceleration

Question 26

Spectrogram shows

Answer 26

Time
Intensity
Frequency

Question 27

F1 and F2

Answer 27

F1 - tongue height; volume of pharyngeal cavity; lower tongue equals higher f1, higher tongue equals lower f1.

Question 28

Voice onset time

Answer 28

Time between release of stop and start of vowel

Question 29

For ants

Answer 29

Resonant frequencies of vocal tract

Question 30

Vocal tract

Answer 30

Quarter wave resonator
Open at lips
Closed at glottis

Question 31

4 vocal tract valves

Answer 31

Labial
Lingual
Velophagryngeal
Laryngeal

Question 32

Obstruents

Answer 32

Obstructing or constricted flow of air

Stops, fricatives, affricate

Question 33

Sonorants

Answer 33

Greater intensity
Less constricted vocal tract

Nasals, glides, liquids