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Praxis > Chapter 5 - Speech Sound Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Speech Sound Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Behavioral theory of development

A

Speech learned based on conditioning and learning

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2
Q

Structural theory of development

A

Follows innate universal hierarchal order of acquisition

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3
Q

Natural pathology theory

A

Innate process that simplifies adult target word

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4
Q

Generative phonology theory

A

Phonological descriptions are dependent on info from other linguistic levels

Phonological rules map underlying representations

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5
Q

Linear phonology theory

A

All distinctive features of speech are equal and arranged in sequential order

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6
Q

Nonlinear phonology theory

A

Influence of stress and tone

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7
Q

Infants vocal tract

A

Larynx is higher

Tongue more forward in oral cavity

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8
Q

Phonation stage

A

Birth to 1 month

Crying

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9
Q

Cooing/gooing stage

A

2-4 months

Mostly /u/

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10
Q

Expansion stage

A

4-6 months
Cv combo
Vowels
Bilabial trills

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11
Q

Conical/Reduplicated babbling stage

A

6-8 months
Cv syllables
No sound meaning correspondence

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12
Q

Variegated/non Reduplicated stage

A

8-12 months

Variety of consonants

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13
Q

Intelligibility percents

A

19-24 months: 25-50%
2-3 years: 50-75%
4-5 years: 75-90%
5+ years: 90-100%

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14
Q

Tongue tie

A

Ankyloglossia

Lingual frenulum too close to tongue tip

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15
Q

Malocclusions

A

Class 1 - arches aligned but teeth missing

Class 2 - overbite

Class 3 - underbite

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16
Q

Relational analysis assessment

A

Describes child’s speech compared to adult model

Most common

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17
Q

Independent analysis assessment

A

Describes child’s speech pattern without reference to adult model

18
Q

4 factors in deciding if treatment is warranted

A

1) child making errors last age when they should be
2) child’s production differs from peers
3) speech highly unintelligible
4) number of phonemes in error

19
Q

Two major categories of treatment

A

Motor approaches - best with several sound errors

Linguistic approaches - appropriate for highly unintelligible speech

20
Q

Communication potency

A

Looks at how functional words are within a child’s communication environment

21
Q

Developmental approach vs complexity approach

A

Developmental - selection of early developing targets

Complexity - targeting sounds that aren’t stimulable (later developing)

22
Q

Van Riper’s traditional approach

A

Establish correct auditory perception and train accurate motor production

Drill - increasingly complex order that is hierarchal in nature

23
Q

McDonald’s sensory approach

A

Based on assumption that syllable is basic unit of speech

Co articulation is important

24
Q

Distinctive feature analysis

A

Teaches relevant sounds by training one sound and hoping for generalization

25
Q

Opposition approach

A

Minimal pairs - words that differ by one feature

Maximal - words that contains max number of differing features

26
Q

Phonological processes approach

A

Cycles

Auditory bombardment, activity, repeat

27
Q

Core vocabulary approach

A

Focuses on 70 words that are functional for environment

Overall goal is to increase intelligibility

28
Q

Accent training therapy

A

Select parameters that effect intelligibility most
Consonants and vowels that they mispronounce in English
Vision, tactile, and verbal approach

29
Q

Frontal lisp

A

Sibilant consonants produced with tongue tip too forward

30
Q

Lateral lisp

A

Sibilants produced with air flowing inappropriately over side of tongue

31
Q

Gliding

A

Liquid is produced as glide
/w/ for /l/
Persists after 3

32
Q

Velar fronting

A

Alveolar replaced with a velar

/t/ for /k/

33
Q

Stopping

A

Fricative or affricate replaced with a stop
/t/ for /sh/
/d/ for /th/
Persists after 3

34
Q

Depalatalization

A

Substitutes a alveolar fricative/affricate for a palatal fricative/affricate
/s/ for /sh/
Persists after 3

35
Q

Affrication

A

Affricate produced in place of fricative/stop

/ch/ for /s/

36
Q

Deaffrication

A

Fricative replaces an affricate

/z/ for /ju/

37
Q

Backing

A

Posterior consonant produced in place of an anterior consonant
/g/ for /d/

38
Q

Assimilation

A

sounds changed by the influence of neighboring sounds

39
Q

Epenthesis

A

Schwa vowel placed between consonants on an initial cluster

40
Q

Spoonerisms

A

Metathesis
Produces sounds in a word in reversed order
Pik for kip

Praxis (12 decks)

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