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Praxis > Chapter 1 - Anatomy, Neuroanatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Anatomy, Neuroanatomy & Physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

Spinal column

A 
7 cervical 
12 thoracic 
5 lumbar 
5 sacral 
3-4 coccygeal
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2
Q

External intercostals vs internal intercostals

A

Internal pulls ribs down to decrease diameter of thoracic cavity - exhalation

External pulls ribs up to increase diameter - inhalation

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3
Q

Muscles of inspiration

A

Diaphragm
Abdomen
Intercostal muscles

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4
Q

Muscles of expiration

A 
Latissimus dorsi
Rectus abdominis
Transversus abdominis
Internal oblique abdominis 
Quadratus lumborum
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5
Q

The intrinsic laryngeal muscles are responsible for…

A

Speech production

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6
Q

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles

A 
Thyroarytenoid
Lateral cricoarytenoid 
Transverse arytenoid
Oblique arytenoid
Cricothyroid
Posterior cricoarytenoid

Innervated by CN X

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7
Q

Extrinsic laryngeal muscles

A

Suprahyoid - elevators; diagstric, geniohyoid, mylohyoid, stylohyoid, hyoglossus, genioglossus

Infrahyoid - depressors; thyrohyoid, omohyoid, Sternothyroid and sternohyoid

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8
Q

3 layers of vocal folds

A

Epithelium
Lamina propia
Vocalic muscle

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9
Q

Myoelastic aerodynamic theory

A

Vocal folds vibrate because of the forces and pressure or air and because of the elasticity of the folds

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10
Q

Bernoulli effect

A

Caused by increased speed of air pressure between the vocal folds
“Sucking” motion of vocal folds towards one another

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11
Q

Cerebellum regulates

A

Motor movement

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12
Q

Superior laryngeal nerve

A

Sensory information to larynx and innervation for cricothyroid muscles

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13
Q

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

Sensory and motor for information below vocal folds

Would have problems with voicing if this was damaged

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14
Q

Resonation

A

Modifying of laryngeal tone by dampening or enhancing of specific frequencies

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15
Q

Velum is elevated for all sounds but

A

Nasals

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16
Q

Source filter theory

A

Vocal tract is a series of linked tubes
Oral cavity, nasal cavity, pharynx
Linked tubes provide resonating cavity that provides speech

17
Q

3 parts of pharyngeal cavity

A

Laryngopharynx
Oropharynx
Nasopharynx

18
Q

Soft palate

A

Junction of oro and Nasopharynx

Innervated by CN X and CN XI

19
Q

4 parts of tongue

A 
Tip
Blade
Dorsom
Root 
Biggest muscle = genioglossus
20
Q

CNs involved in articulation

A

V, VII, X, XI, XII

21
Q

PNS

A

Sensory neurons and motor impulses

22
Q

CNS

A

Motor neurons

Brain and spinal cord

23
Q

ANS

A

Controls interval environment of our bodies

24
Q

2 branches of ANS

A

Sympathetic - fight or flight responses

Parasympathetic - brings body to a state of relaxation

25
Q

Two parts of diencephalon

A

Thalamus - sensory information and motor impulse

Hypothalamus - emotions and actions of ANS

26
Q

Basal ganglia parts

A

Coordination and movement
Globus pallidus
Putamen
Caudate nucleus

27
Q

Gyrus
Sulcus
Fissure

A

Gyrus - ride on cortex

Sulcus - shallow valley

Fissure - deep sulcus

28
Q

Frontal lobe

A 
Motor planning
Speech production
Primary motor cortex, Broca's area 
Organized sequencing 
Language
29
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Sensory
Pressure, pain, temperature, touch
Damage can cause difficulties with naming, reading, and writing

30
Q

Occipital lobe

Limbic lobe

A

Occipital - visual cortex

Limbic - emotions and behavior

31
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Primary auditory cortex
Auditory processing
Wernicke’s area
Comprehension of language

32
Q

Pyramidal system

A

Facilitates voluntary motor movements
Corticobulbar tract
Corticospinal tract

33
Q

Lower motor neurons

A

Spinal and cranial nerves

Communicates with PNS to inner are muscles

34
Q

Upper motor neuron lesion

A

CNS

Voluntary motor movement

35
Q

Choroid plexus

A

Makes cerebrospinal fluid

36
Q

Circle of Willis

A

Formed at base of brain

Common blood supply to cerebral branches

37
Q

Meninges

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid
Pia mater

Praxis (12 decks)

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