Chapter 6- socioemotional development in early childhood Flashcards
Describe Erikson’s initiative vs guilt stage
in early childhood, children want to take initiative and do things themselves. If parents prevent them from doing this, they will feel guilt
How do children in early childhood tend to describe themselves?
by physical and material attributes, like saying “I’m different from Jennifer because I have brown hair and she has blonde hair” rather than personality traits
Describe the development young children understanding others
they expand their theory of mind to understand that other people have emotions and desires, and at around age 4-5 they start to describe themselves and others with psychological traits “my teacher is nice”
Describe the emotional development in early childhood
- as self-awareness develops, so do self conscious emotions
- age 2-4 increase in number of terms used to describe emotions
- by age 4-5, they can reflect on emotions
- by age 5 most are aware of social expectations of emotions (what emotions are socially acceptable)
What role does emotion regulation play in development?
it’s essential to social competence, plays a key role in managing conflicts they have with others
What is the emotion-coaching approach to parenting?
when parents help monitor their child’s emotions by talking through them and helping the child understand these emotions
What is the emotion-dismissing approach to parenting?
When parents ignore, deny, or try to change negative emotions. For example, telling your kid to “Just look on the bright side and be happy!”
What are the 3 constructs of the self?
- self-concept (who am I?)
- self-esteem (how do I feel about myself?)
- self-regulation (how do I handle my feelings?)
What are the 4 different types of social play?
solitary, parallel, associative (both playing with blocks but building different things), and cooperative (building the same thing together)
What is moral development?
the development of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors about what people should do in their interactions with others
What type of morality do children ages 4-7 display?
heteronomous morality, basically morals are black and white
What type of morality do children ages 10+ display?
autonomous morality, they can judge people’s actions while considering the intentions- there’s gray areas, not just black and white
What is immanent justice?
concept that heteronomous thinkers believe in, that if a rule is broken, punishment will immediately follow
Describe an authoritarian parenting style
restrictive, highly demanding, controlling
Describe an authoritative parenting style
warm, reasonably high demands, encourages kids to be independent
Describe a neglectful parenting style
parent is uninvolved with child’s life, withdrawn with no demands
Describe an indulgent/permissive parenting style
parents are highly involved in child’s life, no demands, allow children to make inappropriate choices
What are some benefits of authoritative parenting?
- happy kids
- self control
- cooperative
- higher self esteem
- social and moral maturity
- higher school performance
According to Freud and Erikson, what are some functions of play?
it helps a child master anxieties and conflicts, helps child cope with life’s problems
How did Piaget view play?
play allows the child to practice their competencies and acquired skills
How did Vygotsky view play?
it advances cognitive development, especially creative thought
