Ch 8 socioemotional development mid-late childhood

Question 1

How does self-understanding develop in mid-late childhood?

Answer 1

Children start to describe themselves with psychological characteristics rather than more physical and concrete descriptions. Social comparisons increase.

Question 2

Describe the development in mid-late childhood of understanding others

Answer 2

perspective taking improves, meaning children can understand the thoughts and feelings of others better

Question 3

How do the 4 aspects of the self (self esteem, concept, regulation, and efficacy) affect a child’s development?

Answer 3

increased aspects of the self lead to: increased social competence and academic achievement, increased ability to identify causes of low self-esteem, better coping strategies

Question 4

Describe Erikson’s 4th stage of industry vs inferiority

Answer 4

children become interested in how things work, when they are encouraged to make, build, and work, their sense of industry increases

Question 5

What are some developmental changes in emotions that occur during mid-late childhood?

Answer 5

• improved emotional understanding
• increased understanding that u can feel more than 1 emotion at a time
• increased awareness of what events cause emotional reactions
• ability to suppress/conceal negative emotional reactions
• capacity for empathy

Question 6

What are the 3 levels of Kohlberg’s moral reasoning theory?

Answer 6

Preconventional reasoning, conventional reasoning, and postconventional reasoning

Question 7

Describe a child with preconventional reasoning

Answer 7

They interpret good and bad in terms of external rewards and punishments. For example, they obey adults out of fear of punishment

Question 8

Describe someone with conventional reasoning

Answer 8

they develop expectations about social roles. They apply certain standards, but they are standards set by others like parents or government

Question 9

Describe someone with postconventional reasoning

Answer 9

they make their own standards, morality is more flexible.

Question 10

What is the domain theory of moral development?

Answer 10

Different domains of social knowledge and reasoning arise from children’s attempts to understand and deal with different forms of social experience

Question 11

What are the domains in the domain theory?

Answer 11

moral, social conventional, and personal domains

Question 12

What is social conventional reasoning?

Answer 12

reasoning that focuses on conventional rules that have been established by society in order to control behavior, like raising your hand in class

Question 13

What is moral reasoning

Answer 13

reasoning that focuses on ethical issues and rules of morality

Question 14

How does the parent-child relationship start to change in mid-late childhood?

Answer 14

Kids start to spend less time with their parents and begin to take on a more manager-like role

Question 15

How do peer relationships change in mid-late childhood?

Answer 15

reciprocity becomes more important and friend groups become larger

Question 16

What 6 functions do friends serve?

Answer 16

• Companionship
• Stimulation
• Physical support
• Ego support
• Social comparison
• Affection and intimacy

Question 17

What are 2 contemporary approaches to student learning?

Answer 17

Constructivist approach and Direct instruction approach

Question 18

Describe the Direct instruction approach to learning

Answer 18

Structured, teacher-
centered approach characterized by teacher direction, control, and maximizing student learning time (basically how schools are now)

Question 19

Describe the to learning Constructivist approach

Answer 19

Learner-centered 
approach that emphasizes:
-Importance of actively constructing knowledge 
and understanding
-Teacher offers guidance