Chapter 6 (Respiratory System)

Question 1

Right lung larger than left lung, Why?

Answer 1

Bc of space needed for the heart

Question 2

What is the path that air takes as it comes in the nose/mouth?

Answer 2

oropharynx and nasopharynx (Pharynx), moves towards lungs thru the trachea.

Question 3

What is the leaf shaped structure that closes over the glottis (opening to the trachea)?

Answer 3

Epiglottis. prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.

Question 4

Larynx

Answer 4

voice box

Question 5

Cricoid cartilage

Answer 5

ring shaped structure, forms lower portion of the larynx

Question 6

Trachea (windpipe)

Answer 6

carries inhaled air from larynx toward lungs. protected by 16 C shaped rings of cartilage.

Question 7

What happens when trachea reaches the level of the lungs?

Answer 7

it splits (bifurcates) into two branches called Bronchi. one “mainstream” Bronchus goes to each lung.

Question 8

The bronchi continue to branch and split into ______

Answer 8

Bronchioles. then eventually they become Alveoli

Question 9

Alveoli

Answer 9

Small sacs where gas exchange happens with the bloodstream

Question 10

Diaphragm

Answer 10

Divides the chest cavity from abdominal cavity. Primarily controlled by the phrenic nerve.

Question 11

cricoid cartilage

Answer 11

is a hyaline cartilage ring which fully encircles the trachea

Question 12

the chest wall in an infant or child is more flexible and soft and this results in

Answer 12

them relying more on the diaphragm when having breathing difficulty. causes visible “seesaw” with chest and abdomen.

Question 13

Muscles of ribcage

Answer 13

intercostal muscles

Question 14

Inhalation

Answer 14

Active process, intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract. creates a negative pressure that pulls air into lungs.

Question 15

Exhalation

Answer 15

passive process. intercostal and diaphragm relax. this muscle movement pushes air our of lungs (positive pressure)

Question 16

What is each alveolus surrounded by (in the lungs)?

Answer 16

pulmonary capillaries

Question 17

ventilation

Answer 17

The process of moving gases (o2 and carbon dioxide) into and out of the pulmonary circulation; also, artificial provision of breaths.

Question 18

Where does the oxygenated blood go once it gets to the heart?

Answer 18

arteries, then capillaries. the capillaries that pass by the cells conduct in gas exchange.

Question 19

how does the CO2 get out of the cells?

Answer 19

reverse as oxygen moving in, it leaves the cell and is exchanged into the capillaries.

Question 20

how does blood return to the heart?

Answer 20

capillaries connect to veins and veins return the blood back to the heart where it is pumped back into the lungs

Question 21

Respiration

Answer 21

The process of moving gases and other nutrients between the cells and the blood.

Question 22

What does removal of CO2 do to the body’s pH level?

Answer 22

regulates it through the buffer system