Chapter 6 (Respiratory System) Flashcards
Right lung larger than left lung, Why?
Bc of space needed for the heart
What is the path that air takes as it comes in the nose/mouth?
oropharynx and nasopharynx (Pharynx), moves towards lungs thru the trachea.
What is the leaf shaped structure that closes over the glottis (opening to the trachea)?
Epiglottis. prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.
Larynx
voice box
Cricoid cartilage
ring shaped structure, forms lower portion of the larynx
Trachea (windpipe)
carries inhaled air from larynx toward lungs. protected by 16 C shaped rings of cartilage.
What happens when trachea reaches the level of the lungs?
it splits (bifurcates) into two branches called Bronchi. one “mainstream” Bronchus goes to each lung.
The bronchi continue to branch and split into ______
Bronchioles. then eventually they become Alveoli
Alveoli
Small sacs where gas exchange happens with the bloodstream
Diaphragm
Divides the chest cavity from abdominal cavity. Primarily controlled by the phrenic nerve.
cricoid cartilage
is a hyaline cartilage ring which fully encircles the trachea
the chest wall in an infant or child is more flexible and soft and this results in
them relying more on the diaphragm when having breathing difficulty. causes visible “seesaw” with chest and abdomen.
Muscles of ribcage
intercostal muscles
Inhalation
Active process, intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract. creates a negative pressure that pulls air into lungs.
Exhalation
passive process. intercostal and diaphragm relax. this muscle movement pushes air our of lungs (positive pressure)
What is each alveolus surrounded by (in the lungs)?
pulmonary capillaries
ventilation
The process of moving gases (o2 and carbon dioxide) into and out of the pulmonary circulation; also, artificial provision of breaths.
Where does the oxygenated blood go once it gets to the heart?
arteries, then capillaries. the capillaries that pass by the cells conduct in gas exchange.
how does the CO2 get out of the cells?
reverse as oxygen moving in, it leaves the cell and is exchanged into the capillaries.
how does blood return to the heart?
capillaries connect to veins and veins return the blood back to the heart where it is pumped back into the lungs
Respiration
The process of moving gases and other nutrients between the cells and the blood.
What does removal of CO2 do to the body’s pH level?
regulates it through the buffer system
