Chapter 6 Flashcards
two ways to help locate organs and structures of body
visualizing and external landmarks
thyroid cartilage
Adam’s apple
Musculoskeletal
Bones
joints
muscles
Skeleton does what?
supports, protects, forms blood cells, stores minerals. muscles produce movement.
Respiratory
nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchial tubes Lungs
Cardiovascular
Heart
arteries
veins
what does respiratory do?
obtains oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from body
what does cardiovascular do?
pumps blood thru body to transport nutrients, oxygen and wastes
Blood
Plasma
red/white blood cells
Platelets
What does blood do?
transports oxygen, protects against pathogens and promotes clotting to control bleeding.
Lymphatic
Tonsils/adenoids thymus glad spleen lymph nodes lymphatic vessels
what does lymphatic do?
helps to maintain the fluid balance of the body and contributes to the body immune system
Nervous
Brain
spinal chord
nerves
What does nervous do?
receives sensory info and coordinates the body response
Digestive
Oral cavity Pharynx Esophagus stomach small/large intestine (
what does digestive do?
Ingests, digests, and absorbs nutrients for the body
Integumentary
Skin
hair
nails
sweat glands
What does integumentary do?
forms protective barrier and aids in temperature regulation
Endocrine
Pituitary gland pineal gland thyroid gland parathyroid glands thymus gland adrenal glands Pancreas testes ovaries
What does endocrine do?
Regulates metabolic/hormonal activities of the body
Renal/urinary
Kidneys
ureters
Urinary bladder
urethra
what does renal/urinary do?
Filters waste out of the body and removes them from blood
Male reproductive
testes Epididymis vas deferens Penis Seminal vesicles prostate gland
what does male reproductive do?
produces sperm for reproduction
Female reproductive
Ovaries Fallopian tubes (oviducts) Uterus vagina vulva breasts
What does female reproductive do?
Produces eggs for reproduction and provides an environments and nutrients for the growing baby
human skeleton is divided into two divisions:
Appendicular and axial
Appendicular includes
Pectoral girdle arm pelvic girdle hand leg
axial includes
skull
ribcage
vertebral column
what 3 things interact with the skeletal system?
Muscles
ligaments (connect to the bone)
tendons (connect muscle to bone)
What are the 3 main functions of the musculoskeletal system?
to give the body shape to protect vital internal organs
to provide for body movement
What does marrow inside the bone do?
produces blood cells and stores certain nutrients
Cranium
Consists of top, back and sides of skull
mandible
lower jaw
Maxillae
fused bones of the upper jaw
nasal bones
provide some of the structure of the nose
the bones of the anterior cranium connect to facial bones such as: (three)
mandible
maxillae
nasal bones
orbits
bone that surrounds the eye
Zygomatic arches
forms structure of cheeks
spinal column houses what?
spinal chord
how many vertebrae are in the spine?
33
what are the 5 divisions of the spine?
Cervical thoracic lumbar sacral coccyx
Cervical
neck (7 vertebrae)
Thoracic
Thorax, ribs, upper back (12 vertebrae)
Lumbar
Lower back (5 vertebrae)
Sacral
back wall of pelvis (5 vertebrae)
coccyx
tailbone (4 vertebrae)
What does the spinal cord in the cervical region control?
muscles of breathing, (diaphragm and muscle between ribs)
Thorax
the chest
thoracic cavity (attaches to the twelve thoracic vertebrae in the spine)
contains heart, lungs and major blood vessels. it protects
10 pairs of ribs in the thoracic region are attached to the sternum (breastbone) and 2 are called_____
floating ribs
this flat bone (sternum) is divided into 3 sections called what?
manubrium (superior portion), the body (central portion), and the diploid process (inferior tip)
Pelvis (referred to as the hip but thats not accurate)
a basin-shaped structure that supports the spinal column and protects the abdominal organs
hip
joint where the femur joins the pelvis
Ilium (part of pelvis)
superior bone that contains iliac crest. the superior and widest part of the pelvis.
ischium (part of pelvis)
the inferior (lower), posterior portion of the pelvis
Pubis (part of pelvis)
formed by the joining of the bones of the anterior pubis. the medial anterior portion of the pelvis
What does the hip joint consist of?
acetabulum (the socket of the hip joint) and the ball at the proximal (closer to center) end of femur
Pelvis and hip joint are considered what part of the extremities?
lower
femur
large thigh bone (largest long bone, slight bend at its proximal end where it is attached to the pelvis)
Where is the most likely place that the “hip will be broken?
where the bend is in the femur
Patella
kneecap
the knee connects ______ with the femur and ________ with the bones of the lower leg, _______ and _____
superiorly, inferiorly, tibia, fibula
Tibia
medial and larger bone of lower leg (shinbone)
Fibula
lateral and smaller bone of lower leg
what are the two distinct landmarks of the ankle for tibia and fibula?
the Malleoli lateral malleolus (lower end of fibula) Medial malleolus (lower end of tibia)
Ankle consisted of bones called _____
Tarsals
Foot bones are called _______
Metatarsals
Heel bone is called ______
Calcaneus
Toe bones are the ________
Phalanges
Shoulder consists of what bones?
Clavicle, scapula, and proximal humerus
Clavicle
Collarbone, is located anteriorly
Scapula
shoulder blade, located posteriorly
Part of the scapula is called _______ _____
Acromion process, highest portion of the shoulder. it forms the acromioclavicular joint with the clavicle.
upper arm and forearm consist of 3 bones connected at the elbow
humerus, radius and ulna
Where is the humerus?
bone between shoulder and elbow
Where is the radius and ulna?
between shoulder and hand.
radius is lateral (always aligned with thumb)
ulna is medial
What bones does the wrist consist of?
many bones that are called carpals
Bones of the hand are
metacarpals
and fingerbones are phalanges (like the toe)
When are joints formed?
when bone connects to other bones
What are the different kinds of joints? (2)
ball and socket (like hip or humerus bone) hinge joint (like elbow with the angle of humerus and ulna.
Three types of muscles
voluntary, involuntary and cardiac
Voluntary muscle (skeletal muscle)
under conscious control of the brain. these muscles form the major muscle mass of the body. responsible for movement. can contract upon voluntary command of the individual.
Involuntary muscle (smooth muscle)
gastrointestinal system, lungs, blood vessels and urinary system. also controls the flow of materials through these structures. respond automatically to orders from brain. ultimately not controlled by the person
cardiac muscle (specialized form of smooth muscle)
found only in the heart. extremely sedative to decreased oxygen supply
the heart has a property called automaticity which means ____
it has the ability to generate and conduct electrical pulses on its own. heartbeat (contraction) is controlled by these pulses.
