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EMS 1010/1020 > Blood Born Pathogens > Flashcards

Blood Born Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

how many health care workers are at risk to bloodbourne pathogens like HIV (which causes AIDS), HBV and HCV?

A

5.6 million

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2
Q

T or F: Good Samaritan acts like nosebleeds would be considered occupational exposer

A

False, They are not considered occupational exposer

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3
Q

T or F: All employees who could be “reasonably anticipated”, as the result of performing their job duties, to face contact with blood and other potentially infectious materials are covered by the standard.

A

True

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4
Q

Name the 11 popular departments or personnel that are at risk

A
  • Nursing Education
  • Dental Education
  • Custodial Services
  • Laundry Workers
  • Biology Laboratory Faculty and Staff
  • Law Enforcement Personnel
  • Firefighters
  • Childcare
  • Paramedics and Emergency Medical Technicians
  • Anyone providing first-response medical care
  • Anyone treating medical wastes (i.e., autoclaving waste bags)
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5
Q

percutaneous inoculation

A

Passing through the skin, as an injection or a topical medicine.

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6
Q

mucous membrane

A

The moist, inner lining of some organs and body cavities (such as the nose, mouth, lungs, and stomach)

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7
Q

what are the five basic ways of exposure through an infectious agent? (aka 5 different infectious agents)

A
  • body fluids
  • inhalation
  • percutaneous inoculation
  • contact with an open wound
  • mucous membrane
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8
Q

most common way of exposure

A

needle sticks

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9
Q

other ways exposure exposure

A

Cuts from other contaminated sharps (scalpels, broken glass, etc.)
Contact of mucous membranes (for example; the eyes, nose, mouth) or broken (cut or abraded) skin with contaminated blood

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10
Q

what is the exposure control plan?

A

-Identifies jobs and tasks where occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious material occurs

-Describes how the employer will:
-Use engineering and work practice controls
-Ensure use of Personal
Protective Equipment
-Provide training
-Provide medical surveillance
-Provide Hepatitis B (HBV) vaccinations
-Use signs and labels

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11
Q

what is the exposure control plan pt.2?

A
  • Written plan required
  • Plan must be reviewed at least ANNUALY to reflect changes in:
  • -Tasks, procedures, or assignments which affect exposure
  • -Technology that will eliminate or reduce exposure
  • Annual review must document employer’s consideration and implementation of safer medical devices
  • Must solicit input from potentially exposed employees in the identification, evaluation, and selection of engineering and work practice controls
  • Plan must be accessible to employees
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12
Q

Plan must be reviewed at least ANNUALY to reflect changes in:

A
  • Tasks,
  • procedures,
  • assignments which affect exposure
  • Technology that will eliminate or reduce exposure
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13
Q

What is a Blood Borne Pathogen?

A

Microorganisms that are carried in the blood that can cause disease in humans

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14
Q

5 common blood borne pathogens

A 
Hepatitis B (HBV)
Hepatitis C (HCV)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Malaria
Syphilis
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15
Q

Jaundice

A

a medical condition with yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, arising from excess of the pigment bilirubin and typically caused by obstruction of the bile duct, by liver disease, or by excessive breakdown of red blood cells.

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16
Q

What is the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the United States?

A

Hepatitis C (HCV)

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17
Q

what are the symptoms of HCV?

A
  • jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, intermittent nausea, vomiting
  • May lead to chronic liver disease and death
18
Q

which virus leads to AIDS, depletes the immune system, and does not survive well outside of the body?

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

19
Q

Is there a threat to contracting HIV through casual contact?

A

No

20
Q

how many Americans are chronically infected with Hepatitis B (HBV)?

A

1-1.25 millions

21
Q

What are the symptoms of HBV?

A

-jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, intermittent nausea, vomiting
(same as HCV)
-May lead to chronic liver disease, liver cancer, and death

22
Q

T or F. Vaccination available since 1972 for Hepatitis B

A

False: they were available in 1982

23
Q

T or F. HBV can survive for at least one week in dried blood

A

true

24
Q

how long can can the symptoms start to occur for HBV)

A

Symptoms can occur 1-9 months after exposure

25
Q

What are 9 Potentially Infectious Bodily Fluids?

A
  • Blood
  • Saliva
  • Vomit
  • Urine
  • Semen or Vaginal Secretions
  • Skin Tissue
  • Cell Cultures
  • Any other bodily fluid
  • Chewing Tobacco Juice
26
Q

What are 4 possible ways of transmission?

A
  • Contact with another person’s blood or bodily fluid that may contain blood
  • Mucous membranes: eyes, mouth, nose
  • Non-intact skin
  • Contaminated sharps/needles
27
Q

Your exposure potential: (6 ways)

A
  • Accidental Release
  • Post-Accident Cleanup
  • Administering First-Aid
  • Handling of Returned Product
  • Janitorial or Maintenance Work
  • Handling of any Waste Products
28
Q

what are 5 universal precautions?

A
  • Use of proper PPE
  • Treat all blood and bodily fluids as if they are contaminated
  • Proper cleanup and decontamination
  • Disposal of all contaminated material in the proper manner (if a “sharp” is found, dispose of it immediately in a sharp’s container)
  • Be sure to wash hands after removing gloves
29
Q

what practice controls reduce the likelihood of exposure?

A

wash hands after removing gloves and as soon as possible after exposure.
Do not bend or break sharps.
No food or smoking in work areas.

30
Q

what engineering controls reduce employee exposure by either removing the hazard or isolating the worker?

A 
Sharps disposal containers
Self-sheathing needles
Safer medical devices
Needless systems
Sharps with engineered sharps injury precautions
31
Q

What is Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)?

A

Anything that is used to protect a person from exposure

Latex or Nitrile gloves, goggles, CPR mouth barriers, aprons, respirators, among other things

32
Q

What are the 4 fundamental PPE Rules to Remember?

A
  • Always check PPE for defects or tears before using
  • If PPE becomes torn or defective, remove and get new
  • Remove PPE before leaving a contaminated area
  • Do not reuse disposable equipment
33
Q

How do you properly decontaminate?

A
  • When cleaning up surfaces use dilute bleach solutions or other suitable commercial disinfectant
  • Do an initial wipe up
  • Spray and allow it to stand for ten minutes, then wipe up
  • Dispose of all wipes in biohazard containers
  • PPE should be removed and disposed of in biohazard containers
34
Q

What items do you throw away (Regulated Medical Waste)?

A
  • Liquid or semi-liquid blood or other potentially infectious material (OPIM)
  • Contaminated items that would release blood or OPIM when compressed
  • Contaminated sharps
  • Pathological and microbiological waste containing blood or OPIM
35
Q

OPIM

A

Other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) means: (1) The following human body fluids: semen, vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, peritoneal fluid, amniotic fluid, saliva in dental procedures, any body fluid that is visibly contaminated with blood

36
Q

Labels must include the universal biohazard symbol, and the term “Biohazard” must be attached to what 3 items?

A
  • Containers of regulated biohazard waste
  • Refrigerators or freezers containing blood or OPIM
  • Containers used to store, transport, or ship blood or OPIM
37
Q

Exposure Incident conditions

A
  • A specific incident of contact with potentially infectious bodily fluid
  • If there are no infiltrations of mucous membranes or open skin surfaces, it is not considered an occupational exposure
  • Report all accidents involving blood or bodily fluids after appropriate handling of exposure (such as washing hands or cleaning site)
  • Post-exposure medical evaluations are offered
38
Q

what are 5 steps for Post exposure Evaluation

A

-Confidential medical evaluation
-Document route of exposure
Identify source individual
-Test source individuals blood (with individual’s consent)
-Provide results to exposed employee

39
Q

Hepatitis B Vaccination

A
  • Strongly endorsed by medical communities
  • Offered to all potentially exposed employees
  • Provided at no cost to employees
  • Declination form
40
Q

what do medical records include?

A
  • Hepatitis B vaccination status

- Post-exposure evaluation and follow-up results

41
Q

what do Training records include?

A
  • Training dates
  • Contents of the training
  • Signature of trainer and trainee

EMS 1010/1020 (13 decks)

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