Chapter 6- Preventing And Treating Diseases

Question 1

What is a clinical trial?

Answer 1

Testing on healthy patients

Question 2

What are antigens?

Answer 2

Proteins on the surface of the cells

Question 3

A bacterial disease

Answer 3

Diptheria

Question 4

A viral disease

Answer 4

Polio, measles

Question 5

Antiseptics-

Answer 5

Kill microorganisms

Question 6

Antibodies-

Answer 6

Kill bacteria and are made by white blood cells

Question 7

Alexander Fleming-

Answer 7

Discovered penicillin by letting mould accidentally on curve plates

Question 8

Why is it better to synthesise then to use pure plant

Answer 8

It is cheaper and quicker

Question 9

What should a good medicine be?

Answer 9

Effective, safe, stable, successfully taken in and removed from your body

Question 10

Stages of new drugs-

Answer 10

Up to 13 yrs-

1. Tested in lab to find its toxicity and efficacy on cells, tissues or whole organs
2. Tested on animals (preclinical trials)
3. (Clinical trials) on healthy patients
4. Then on the people with the effected disease
5. Once passed can be sold, but still regularly tested

Question 11

What is a Hybridoma cell?

Answer 11

Lymphocytes (that produce antibodies but do not divide) and tumour cells (that don’t make antibodies but divide)

Question 12

How can monoclonal antibodies be used?

Answer 12

Pregnancy tests (see HCG and that changes colour of test strip) and diagnosis of disease and measuring and monitoring and research and treating disease

Question 13

What is a benign tumour?

Answer 13

A tumour that stays in one place but they can grow very large very quickly

Question 14

What are malignant tumour cells?

Answer 14

They spread around into neighbouring tissues and are referred to as cancer