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Biology > Chapter 4- Organising Plants and Animals > Flashcards

Chapter 4- Organising Plants and Animals Flashcards

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1
Q

Substances that diffuse in and out of blood in these-

A

Capillaries

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2
Q

Water is lost through them , and carbon dioxide let in through photosynthesis

A

Stomata

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3
Q

Found in red blood cells and binds to oxygen to be transported into lungs-

A

Haemoglobin

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4
Q

Makes blood flow in one direction-

A

Valves

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5
Q

Artilleries, veins and capillaries

A

Main types of blood vessels

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6
Q

Transports proteins and other chemicals around the body

A

Plasma

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7
Q

Cell fragments that start the clotting process at wound sites

A

Platelets

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8
Q

Helps to protect body against infection

A

White blood cells

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9
Q

Tubelike structures that take blood places

A

Blood vessels

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10
Q

Reduce cholesterol levels; reduces risk of heart disease

A

Statins

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11
Q

Transports water from roots to stems and leaves

A

Xylem

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12
Q

Transports sugars from leaves to rest of plant

A

Phloem

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13
Q

Loss of water vapour from surface of dry leaves

A

Transpiration

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14
Q

Factors that affect photosynthesis

A

Temperature, humidity, air flow, and light intensity

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15
Q

What are the thorax?

A

Are the top part of the body where the lungs

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16
Q

Where does the air you breath in go?

A

The trachea, which are split into two tubes called the bronchi (which each are the bronchus) which split into smaller tubes called bronchioles which end at the alveoli

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17
Q

What are the circulatory system made up of?

A

Made up of heart, blood vessels and blood

18
Q

What are the three type of blood vessels? And what are their functions?

A

Arteries- carry blood away from the heart
Capillaries- involved in the exchange of materials at the tissues
Veins- there blood into the heart

19
Q

What cell carries oxygen?

A

Red blood cells and have a large surface area and don’t have a nucleus.

20
Q

What cells defend against infection?

A

White blood cells and engulf microorganisms in a process called phagocytosis and they do have a nucleus

21
Q

What cells help the blood clot?

A

These are called platelets and they get microorganisms because they stop the cells from clotting and they have no nucleus

22
Q

What cell carries everything in the blood?

A

The plasma carries nutrients, red and white blood cells, platelets, carbon dioxide, urea, hormones, proteins and antibodies and antitoxins

23
Q

What does coronary heart disease do?

A

It’s restricts the arteries so there’s a lack of oxygen

24
Q

What do stents do?

A

They keep the arteries open

25
Q

What do statins do?

A

They reduce cholesterol in the blood

26
Q

What is cancer caused by?

A

The uncontrollable cell growth and division

27
Q

What are plant cells organised into?

A

Tissues and organs

28
Q

What is transpiration?

A

It is caused by evaporation and diffusion. There is water drawn up from the roots and this is called a transpiration stream

29
Q

What is translocation?

A

Where transport is in both directions

30
Q

What is the rate of transportation effected by?

A

Light intensity, temperature, air flow and humidity

31
Q

What is used to estimate transpiration rates?

A

A potometer

32
Q

What does the right hand side do?

A

Pumps deoxygenated blood

33
Q

What does he left hand side do?

A

Pumps oxygenated cells around the body

34
Q

What does the left side of the heart have?

A

Left atrium
Bicuspid valve
Left ventricle

35
Q

What is on the right hand side of the heart?

A

Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle

36
Q

What is in the middle of the heart?

A

Septum

Semilunar valve

37
Q

What does the atria do?

A

Collects blood when it enters the heart

38
Q

What do the ventricles do?

A

Pump blood out of the heart, into the body

39
Q

What does the septum do?

A

It separates the left and right hand side of the heart

40
Q

What does the Tricuspid valve do?

A

Opens if there is a build up of pressure in the right atrium

41
Q

What does the Bicuspid valve do?

A

Opens if there is a build up of pressure in the left atrium

42
Q

What does the semilunar valve do?

A

It stops the back flow of blood into the heart

Biology (12 decks)

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