Chapter 6 - pathology Flashcards
Stress fx.
the result of repeated stresses to a bone that would not be injured by isolated forces of the same magnitude. It is first visualized 10-20 days after the onset of symptoms. Radionuclide bone scans can demo a fx b/4 it can be detected on plain radiographs.
Linear/Longitudinal fx.
fx which extends along the length of the bone
Pott’s fx
involves both malleoli (of tibia & fibula) with dislocation of the ankle joint.
Jone’s fx
a transverse fx at the base of the fifth metatarsal. one of the most frequent injuries of the foot. an avulsion injury that results from plantar flexion & inversion of the foot as in stepping off a curb.
osgood-schlatter disease
the tibial tuberosity is separated from the shaft of the tibia. visualized on the lateral projection of the knee
ewings sarcoma
primary malignant tumor arising in the bone marrow in children & young adults. seen as a large portion of bone destruction in the central portion of the shaft of a long bone.
osteogenic sarcoma
generally occurs in the ends of long bones (especially the knee) pulmonary metastases develop early. appears as a sunburst pattern with bony spicules extending outward in a radiating fashion
osteochondroma (exostosis)
benign projection of bone with a cartilagenous cap (especially the knee) the long axis of the tumor is parallel to the parent bone
osteomalacia
insufficient mineralization of the adult skeleton appears radiographically as a loss of bone density. bones may bend or give way upon weight bearing less technique needed
rickets
infant/childhood equivalent of osteomalacia rheumatoid arthritis. chronic systemic disease. noninfectious, loss of joint cartiledge.
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone and bone marrow caused by infectious organisms that reach the bone.
rheumatoid arthritis
chronic systemic disease. non infectious inflammatory arthritis of the hand and foot joint. less tech. needed
osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease/DJD)
loss of joint cartiledge and reactive new bone formation. predominantly affects weight bearing joints & interphalangeal joints of the fingers. comes with aging. less tech.
tri-malleolar fx.
fx. of the medial & lateral malleoli and the posterior tip of the distal tibia.
bone cysts
benign, neoplastic bone lesions filled with clear fluid that most often occur near the knee joint in children & adolescents. not detected unless there is a fx.
chondromalacia patellae
runner’s knee. softening of the cartilage under the patella, wearing away of the cartilage
chondrosarcomas
malignant tumors of the cartilage that usually occur in the pelvis and long bones of men older than 45 yrs.
enchondroma
slow growing benign cartilaginous tumor most often found in small bones of the hands & feet
gout
form of arthritis that may be hereditary in which uric acid appears in excessive quantities in the blood & deposited in the joints
joint effusions
accumulated fluid in the joint cavity. signs of an underlying condition
lisfranc ligament
large band that spans the articulation of the medial cuneiform and the first & second metatarsal base
multiple myeloma
most common type of the primary cancerous bone tumor
osteoclastomas
giant cell tumors, benign, occurs in long bones
paget’s disease
most common disease of the skeleton over production of very dense yet soft bone
