Chapter 6 - pathology

Question 1

Stress fx.

Answer 1

the result of repeated stresses to a bone that would not be injured by isolated forces of the same magnitude. It is first visualized 10-20 days after the onset of symptoms. Radionuclide bone scans can demo a fx b/4 it can be detected on plain radiographs.

Question 2

Linear/Longitudinal fx.

Answer 2

fx which extends along the length of the bone

Question 3

Pott’s fx

Answer 3

involves both malleoli (of tibia & fibula) with dislocation of the ankle joint.

Question 4

Jone’s fx

Answer 4

a transverse fx at the base of the fifth metatarsal. one of the most frequent injuries of the foot. an avulsion injury that results from plantar flexion & inversion of the foot as in stepping off a curb.

Question 5

osgood-schlatter disease

Answer 5

the tibial tuberosity is separated from the shaft of the tibia. visualized on the lateral projection of the knee

Question 6

ewings sarcoma

Answer 6

primary malignant tumor arising in the bone marrow in children & young adults. seen as a large portion of bone destruction in the central portion of the shaft of a long bone.

Question 7

osteogenic sarcoma

Answer 7

generally occurs in the ends of long bones (especially the knee) pulmonary metastases develop early. appears as a sunburst pattern with bony spicules extending outward in a radiating fashion

Question 8

osteochondroma (exostosis)

Answer 8

benign projection of bone with a cartilagenous cap (especially the knee) the long axis of the tumor is parallel to the parent bone

Question 9

osteomalacia

Answer 9

insufficient mineralization of the adult skeleton appears radiographically as a loss of bone density. bones may bend or give way upon weight bearing less technique needed

Question 10

rickets

Answer 10

infant/childhood equivalent of osteomalacia rheumatoid arthritis. chronic systemic disease. noninfectious, loss of joint cartiledge.

Question 11

osteomyelitis

Answer 11

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow caused by infectious organisms that reach the bone.

Question 12

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 12

chronic systemic disease. non infectious inflammatory arthritis of the hand and foot joint. less tech. needed

Question 13

osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease/DJD)

Answer 13

loss of joint cartiledge and reactive new bone formation. predominantly affects weight bearing joints & interphalangeal joints of the fingers. comes with aging. less tech.

Question 14

tri-malleolar fx.

Answer 14

fx. of the medial & lateral malleoli and the posterior tip of the distal tibia.

Question 15

bone cysts

Answer 15

benign, neoplastic bone lesions filled with clear fluid that most often occur near the knee joint in children & adolescents. not detected unless there is a fx.

Question 16

chondromalacia patellae

Answer 16

runner’s knee. softening of the cartilage under the patella, wearing away of the cartilage

Question 17

chondrosarcomas

Answer 17

malignant tumors of the cartilage that usually occur in the pelvis and long bones of men older than 45 yrs.

Question 18

enchondroma

Answer 18

slow growing benign cartilaginous tumor most often found in small bones of the hands & feet

Question 19

gout

Answer 19

form of arthritis that may be hereditary in which uric acid appears in excessive quantities in the blood & deposited in the joints

Question 20

joint effusions

Answer 20

accumulated fluid in the joint cavity. signs of an underlying condition

Question 21

lisfranc ligament

Answer 21

large band that spans the articulation of the medial cuneiform and the first & second metatarsal base

Question 22

multiple myeloma

Answer 22

most common type of the primary cancerous bone tumor

Question 23

osteoclastomas

Answer 23

giant cell tumors, benign, occurs in long bones

Question 24

paget’s disease

Answer 24

most common disease of the skeleton over production of very dense yet soft bone

Question 25

reiter’s syndrome

Answer 25

affects the sacroiliac joints and lower limbs of young men. erosion of Achilles tendon. caused by previous infection