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Positioning 1 > chapter 2 notes - chest > Flashcards

chapter 2 notes - chest Flashcards

1
Q

another name for chest

A

thorax

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2
Q

3 divisions of the thorax

A

bony thorax, respiratory system, & mediastinum

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3
Q

bony thorax framework

A

sternum, 2 clavicles, 2 scapulae, 12 pair of ribs, and 12 thoracic vertebrae

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4
Q

3 parts of the sternum

A

manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

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5
Q

name 2 positioning landmarks for chest positioning

A

vertebra prominens and jugular notch

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6
Q

parts of the mediastinum

A

thymus gland, heart, greater vessels (aorta, subclavians, & inferior and superior vena cava), trachea, and esophagus

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7
Q

4 divisions of the respiratory system

A

pharynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs

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8
Q

pharynx is a passageway for what?

A

food and air

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9
Q

3 parts of the pharynx

A

oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx

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10
Q

when talking about the oropharynx, the hard plate, soft plate, and the uvula make up what?

A

the roof of the mouth

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11
Q

the location of the esophagus compared to the trachea is where?

A

posterior until the diaphragm where it empties into the stomach

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12
Q

larynx is called

A

the voice box

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13
Q

trachea is called

A

windpipe

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14
Q

laryngeal prominence in called

A

adam’s apple

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15
Q

the cartilaginous flap that covers the larynx and trachea during the act of swallowing

A

epiglottis

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16
Q

the thyroid gland is sensitive to what?

A

radiation.

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17
Q

what does the thyroid gland do?

A

releases hormones to regulate body metabolism, body growth, development, and activity of the nervous system.

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18
Q

parathyroid glands are located where?

A

they are attached to the thyroid

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19
Q

parathyroid glands do what?

A

release hormones

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20
Q

the thymus gland is prominent when?

A

in childhood

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21
Q

the thymus gland disappears when?

A

as adults

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22
Q

the thymus gland is at maximum size when?

A

at puberty

23
Q

the prominence of the lower trachea where it divides

A

carina

24
Q

what does the alveoli do?

A

exchange O2 and CO2

25
Q

what happens to alveoli when emphysema is present?

A

become distended

26
Q

what the lung is made of

A

parenchyma

27
Q

the lungs are contained in a doubled wall sac called

A

pleura

28
Q

the outside wall of the pleura

A

parietal pleura

29
Q

the inside wall of the pleura

A

visceral pleura

30
Q

the lubricant of the pleura cavity

A

surfactant

31
Q

the top of the lungs

A

apex

32
Q

another name for where the carina separates

A

bifucates

33
Q

the muscle that the base of the lungs rest on.

A

diaphragm

34
Q

the lower angles of the lungs

A

costophrenic angles

35
Q

air is what color

A

black

36
Q

blood in the pleura cavity

A

hemothorax

37
Q

air in the pleural cavity - collapsed lung

A

pneumothorax

38
Q

the double wall sac of the heart

A

pericardial sac

39
Q

free air - where do you find it and what causes it?

A

right side , perforation

40
Q

mediastinum

A

medial portion of the thoracic cavity b/w the lungs

41
Q

mediastinum contains

A

thymus gland, heart and greater vessels, trachea, and the esophagus

42
Q

situs inversus

A

persons organs are on the opposite side

43
Q

the greater vessels consist of?

A

inferior and superior vena cava, aorta, and large pulmonary arteries and veins.

44
Q

what does the superior vena cava do?

A

returns blood to the heart from the upper half of the body

45
Q

what does the inferior vena cava do?

A

returns blood to the heart from the lower half of the body

46
Q

three parts of the aorta?

A

ascending, arch, and descending

47
Q

the trachea and esophagus switch when?

A

at the diaphragm

48
Q

which way should the cassette be placed for a PA chest for most women?

A

lenghtwise

49
Q

a minimum of how many ribs should you see on a PA chest?

A

10

50
Q

if you are looking for pneumothorax, what kind of CXR should be done?

A

a PA chest on inspiration and a PA chest on expiration

51
Q

definition of artifacts.

A

something on the x-ray that shouldn’t be there.

52
Q

what should be removed before taking a CXR?

A

jewelry, necklace, nipple rings, bra, gown snaps

53
Q

which marker is used for a Decub?

A

mark the side that is up

54
Q

what are you looking for in an erect CXR?

A

air fluid levels

Positioning 1 (11 decks)

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