Chapter 4 - pathology Flashcards
fracture
break in a bone
contusion
type of injury without a fx. or break in the skin
simple (closed) fx
bone doesn’t break through the skin
compound (open) fx.
bone protrudes through the skin
incomplete (partial) fx
fx doesn’t traverse through the entire bone
complete fx
break is complete and include the entire cross-section of bone
3 major types of complete fx
transverse, oblique, spiral
transverse fx
fx line is transverse at a near right angle to the long axis of the bone
oblique fx
fx line passes through bone at an oblique angle
spiral fx
bone has been twisted apart and the fx line is spiral in shape
comminuted fx
the bone is splintered or crushed resulting in two or more fragments
avulsion fx
results from severe stress to a tendon or ligament in a joint region. a fragment of bone is separated or pulled away by the attached tendon or ligament
chip fx
a fracture involving an isolated bone fragment
tuft/burst fx
a comminuted fx of the distal phalanx such as from a crushing blow to the distal finger
epiphyseal fx
fx through the epiphyseal plate. It’s one of the most easily fractured sites in long bones of children.
two types of fx in children
torus and greenstick
torus fx
a buckle of the cortex in which there is localized expansion or torus of the cortex
greenstick fx
incomplete fx on one side only. The cortex on one side of bone is broken and the other side is bent
open reduction
for severe fractures with significant displacement or fragmentation - a surgical procedure is required
closed reduction
for those fractures in which there is misalignment requiring restoration to a normal position by manipulation - done without surgury
baseball fx
fx of distal phalanx from a ball striking end of extended finger
barton’s fx
an intra-articular fx of the posterior lip of the distal radius
Bennett’s fx
longitudinal fx at the base of the first metacarpal with the fx line entering the carpometacarpal joint
boxer’s fx
commonly involves the distal fifth metacarpal
