Chapter 4 - pathology

Question 1

fracture

Answer 1

break in a bone

Question 2

contusion

Answer 2

type of injury without a fx. or break in the skin

Question 3

simple (closed) fx

Answer 3

bone doesn’t break through the skin

Question 4

compound (open) fx.

Answer 4

bone protrudes through the skin

Question 5

incomplete (partial) fx

Answer 5

fx doesn’t traverse through the entire bone

Question 6

complete fx

Answer 6

break is complete and include the entire cross-section of bone

Question 7

3 major types of complete fx

Answer 7

transverse, oblique, spiral

Question 8

transverse fx

Answer 8

fx line is transverse at a near right angle to the long axis of the bone

Question 9

oblique fx

Answer 9

fx line passes through bone at an oblique angle

Question 10

spiral fx

Answer 10

bone has been twisted apart and the fx line is spiral in shape

Question 11

comminuted fx

Answer 11

the bone is splintered or crushed resulting in two or more fragments

Question 12

avulsion fx

Answer 12

results from severe stress to a tendon or ligament in a joint region. a fragment of bone is separated or pulled away by the attached tendon or ligament

Question 13

chip fx

Answer 13

a fracture involving an isolated bone fragment

Question 14

tuft/burst fx

Answer 14

a comminuted fx of the distal phalanx such as from a crushing blow to the distal finger

Question 15

epiphyseal fx

Answer 15

fx through the epiphyseal plate. It’s one of the most easily fractured sites in long bones of children.

Question 16

two types of fx in children

Answer 16

torus and greenstick

Question 17

torus fx

Answer 17

a buckle of the cortex in which there is localized expansion or torus of the cortex

Question 18

greenstick fx

Answer 18

incomplete fx on one side only. The cortex on one side of bone is broken and the other side is bent

Question 19

open reduction

Answer 19

for severe fractures with significant displacement or fragmentation - a surgical procedure is required

Question 20

closed reduction

Answer 20

for those fractures in which there is misalignment requiring restoration to a normal position by manipulation - done without surgury

Question 21

baseball fx

Answer 21

fx of distal phalanx from a ball striking end of extended finger

Question 22

barton’s fx

Answer 22

an intra-articular fx of the posterior lip of the distal radius

Question 23

Bennett’s fx

Answer 23

longitudinal fx at the base of the first metacarpal with the fx line entering the carpometacarpal joint

Question 24

boxer’s fx

Answer 24

commonly involves the distal fifth metacarpal

Question 25

colles fx

Answer 25

fx of an adult wrist in which the distal radius is fractured with the distal fragment displaced posteriorly. results from a fall on out-stretched arm

Question 26

carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 26

compression of the median nerve as it passes through the center of the wrist

Question 27

joint effusion

Answer 27

accumulated fluid in the joint cavity

Question 28

osteoarthritis (DJD)

Answer 28

non-inflammatory joint disease - most common type of arthritis

Question 29

osteopetrosis

Answer 29

abnormally dense bone - increase tech factor

Question 30

osteoporosis

Answer 30

reduction in the quantity of bone - most fx in women over 50 years is secondary to this - decrease tech factor

Question 31

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 31

chronic systemic disease with inflammatory changes occurring throughout the connective tissues - decrease tech factor

Question 32

bone metastases

Answer 32

transfer of disease or cancerous lesions from one organ or part that may not be

Question 33

bursitis

Answer 33

inflammation of the bursae or fluid-filled sacs that enclose the joints

Question 34

osteomyelitis

Answer 34

a local or generalized infection of bone or bone marrow that may be caused by bacteria introduced by trauma or surgery

Question 35

paget’s disease

Answer 35

chronic skeletal disease. bone destruction followed by a reparative process of overproduction of very dense yet soft bones that tend to fracture easily

Question 36

skier’s thumb

Answer 36

sprain or tear of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb, near the MCP joint

Question 37

bone neoplasia

Answer 37

bone tumors