Chapter 6 — Nervous System

Question 1

function of the nervous system

Answer 1

controls & regulates all other organ systems

Question 2

5 components of a neural circuit

Answer 2

sensory receptors
sensory neurons
interneurons
motor neurons
effectors

Question 3

function of sensory receptors

Answer 3

monitors 1 specific variable or stimulus

Question 4

sensory receptors can be ____ or _____

Answer 4

modified dendritic ends or receptor cells

Question 5

3 qualities of sensory receptors

Answer 5

specificity
receptive field
transduction

Question 6

define transduction

Answer 6

the receptor turns a stimulus into an electrical signal

Question 7

receptors transduce a stimulus into a _____ ______

Answer 7

graded potential

Question 8

a graded potential becomes an ______ ______ once it reaches the axon hillock

Answer 8

action potential

Question 9

the action potential causes…

Answer 9

vesicles in the axon terminal to release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft

Question 10

interneurons are found in the ____

Answer 10

CNS

Question 11

functions of the interneuron

Answer 11

receives sensory information
processes information
creates a signal to send to effectors via motor neurons

Question 12

function of motor neurons

Answer 12

conducts a signal from the CNS to the appropriate effector(s)

Question 13

function of satellite cells

Answer 13

unknown

Question 14

function of Schwann cells

Answer 14

myelination

Question 15

function of myelin

Answer 15

increases AP conduction speed

Question 16

function of astrocytes

Answer 16

control chemical exchange between capillaries and the interstitial fluid of the CNS

Question 17

function of microglia

Answer 17

immune cells

break down waste materials

Question 18

function of ependymal cells

Answer 18

line CSF filled cavities, contribute to CSF production, circulate CSF

Question 19

function of oligodendrocytes

Answer 19

myelination

Question 20

as GP reaches the axon hillock, _______ open

Answer 20

VG Na+ channels

Question 21

Na+ causes the inner membrane charge to become_____

Answer 21

positive

Question 22

as AP reaches the terminal end of the axon, ______ open

Answer 22

Ca+ channels

Question 23

Ca+ causes…

Answer 23

vesicles to release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft

Question 24

after AP generation is finished…

Answer 24

Na+ gates close and K+ open, letting K+ out of the axon & dropping the charge

Question 25

after hyperpolarization…

Answer 25

pumps pump Na+ out of the axon and K+ into the axon

Question 26

resting potential

Answer 26

-70mV

Question 27

threshold

Answer 27

-50mV

Question 28

AP is generated at…

Answer 28

30mV

Question 29

charge drops below resting potential during…

Answer 29

hyperpolarization

Question 30

charge is rising

Answer 30

depolarization

Question 31

charge is dropping

Answer 31

repolarization