Chapter 5 — Skeletal System

Question 1

5 functions of the skeletal system

Answer 1

support
storage
protection
production of blood cells
leverage

Question 2

the skeleton provides a framework for…

Answer 2

soft tissue attachment

Question 3

what does bone store?

Answer 3

minerals - calcium, phosphate

lipids - yellow bone marrow

Question 4

new blood cells are produced in the ___ ___ ______, which is stored in the _________ regions of the bone

Answer 4

red bone marrow

epiphyseal

Question 5

examples of bones that serve the ‘protection’ function

Answer 5

skull
vertebral column
ribcage

Question 6

percentages for what makes up bone’s extracellular matrix

Answer 6

25% interstitial fluid
25% collagen fibers
50% minerals

Question 7

the abundance of collagen fibers protects bone from…

Answer 7

damage due to twisting and stretching

Question 8

function of minerals in the bone

Answer 8

protect the bone from compression due to the force of gravity/weight of the body

Question 9

two minerals stored in bone

Answer 9

calcium

phosphate

Question 10

4 types of bone cells

Answer 10

osteogenic cells
osteoblasts
osteocytes
osteoclasts

Question 11

when stimulated, an osteogenic cell will replicate to create…

Answer 11

osteoblasts

Question 12

osteogenic cells are a type of _____ cell

Answer 12

stem

Question 13

function of osteoblasts

Answer 13

lay down bone ECM

Question 14

osteoblasts are functioning during…

Answer 14

growth, repair, weight gain

Question 15

function of osteocytes

Answer 15

monitor & maintain health of bone matrix

Question 16

osteocytes monitor the bone’s _____ and _____ content

Answer 16

protein (collagen); mineral

Question 17

osteoclasts are a type of _____

Answer 17

WBC

Question 18

function of osteoclasts

Answer 18

demineralize bone matrix

Question 19

osteoclasts secrete _______ ______ and ________ to demineralize the bone

Answer 19

proteolytic enzymes & acids

Question 20

two types of bone tissue

Answer 20

compact bone

spongy bone

Question 21

compact bone is mostly within the _______, while spongy bone is mostly within the ________

Answer 21

diaphysis; epiphyses

Question 22

compact bone is composed of ______ that run down the diaphysis

Answer 22

osteons

Question 23

osteons are strong ________ but not ________

Answer 23

vertically; horizontally

Question 24

cavity of the diaphysis

Answer 24

medullary cavity

Question 25

______ _______ is stored in the medullary cavity

Answer 25

yellow marrow

Question 26

spongy bone is composed of ________

Answer 26

trabeculae

Question 27

gaps in the trabeculae contain…

Answer 27

red bone marrow

Question 28

trabeculae do what with force?

Answer 28

absorb it and direct it down through the osteons

Question 29

the ______ ______ sits between the diaphysis and the epiphysis

Answer 29

epiphyseal plate

Question 30

function of the epiphyseal plate

Answer 30

allows for elongation of the bone during growth

Question 31

after growth is finished, the plate becomes _______ and forms the _________ ______

Answer 31

ossified

epiphyseal line

Question 32

membrane that covers the outer surface of the bone

Answer 32

periosteum

Question 33

function of the periosteum

Answer 33

allows tendons and ligaments to anchor to the bone

Question 34

membrane that lines the medullary cavity

Answer 34

endosteum

Question 35

functions of bone remodelling

Answer 35

prevents crystallization of minerals in bone

maintains proper blood calcium and phosphate levels

Question 36

if left alone, minerals will ______ and make the bone ______

Answer 36

crystallize; brittle

Question 37

function of osteoclasts in bone remodelling

Answer 37

demineralize calcium & phosphate and release them into blood

Question 38

function of osteoblasts in bone remodelling

Answer 38

lay down new minerals taken from the bloodstream

Question 39

function of osteocytes in bone remodelling

Answer 39

monitor bone health and can signal to other bone cells

Question 40

normal blood calcium range

Answer 40

9-11mg/100ml

Question 41

if blood calcium is too low, the ________ releases _____, which acts on _______

Answer 41

parathyroid
PTH
osteoclasts

Question 42

if blood calcium is high low, the ________ releases _____, which acts on _______

Answer 42

thyroid
calcitonin
osteoblasts

Question 43

remodelling adds ______ to the bones as weight is gained or removes it as weight is lost

Answer 43

density