Chapter 6 mitochondria and chloroplast essay

Question 1

Mitochondria

Answer 1

Structure: double membrane, inner membrane folded to increase surface area

Function: cellular respiration, production of ATP

Question 2

Chloroplast

Answer 2

Structure: double membrane, contins chlorophyll

Function: site of photosynthesis (food production for plant cell)

Question 3

Peroxisome

Answer 3

Specialized metabolic compartments bounded by a single membrane. produce hydrogen peroxide and convert it to water. Detoxification

Question 4

Endosymbiont theory (explain)

Answer 4

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have similarities with bacteria (double membrane, free ribosomes and circular DNA, grow and reproduce somewhat independently)

Question 5

What does endosymbiont theory say

Answer 5

• Eukaryotic cell engulfed prokaryotic cell which formed an endosymbiont relationship with its host
• endosymbiont became the mitochondria for the cell
• at least one of the early surkaryotic cells had to have taken up a prokaryotic cell that could preform photosynthesis to make chloroplast for cell

Question 6

Evidence supporting theory

Answer 6

• new mitochondria and chloroplast formed by binary fission
• double membrane (similar to that of prokaryotic cells)
• Contain their own DNA and ribosomes
• Mitochondria share several enzymes in common with bacteria