Chapter 4 functional groups essay

Question 1

What are functional groups

Answer 1

Components of organic molecules that are commonly found in reactions. Give molelcules their unqiue properties

Question 2

Where are functional groups found

Answer 2

on the carbon skeleton, usually replace hydrogens

Question 3

What do the properties of a moecule depend on

Answer 3

the functional groups attached to the carbon skeleton

Question 4

Name all functional groups

Answer 4

1. Hydroxyl
2. Carbonyl
3. Carboxyl
4. Amino
5. Sulfhydral
6. Phosphate
7. Methyl

Question 5

Hydroxyl structure and function

Answer 5

Structure: -OH

Function: Can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, helping to dissolve organic compounds such as sugars

Question 6

Carbonyl

Answer 6

Structure: C double bonded to an O

Function: can either be a ketose (within) or aldehyde (at end). Give rise to two types of sugars (ketose and aldose)

Question 7

Carboxyl

Answer 7

Structure: Carbon single bonded to OH and double bonded to an oxygen (COOH)

Function: Acts as an acid. Donate an H+ because the bond between hydrogen and oxygen is so polar

Question 8

Amino

Answer 8

Structure: Nitrogen bonded to two hydrogens (NH2)

Function: acts as a base

Question 9

Sulfhydral

Answer 9

Structure: sulfur and hydrogen (SH)

Function: Two sulfhydral groups can react to form a covalent bond which helps stabalize protein structure

Question 10

Phosphate

Answer 10

Structure: Phosphorus double bonded to one oxygen and single bonded to three other oxygens

Function: Involved in production of ATP

Question 11

Methyl

Answer 11

Structure: Carbon single bonded to three hydrogen (CH3)

Function: addition of methyl to DNAaffects expression of genes

Question 12

ATP

Answer 12

primary energy transferring molecule in the cell

Adenosine attached to three phosphate groups