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Psychology 111 > Chapter 6: Memory > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

Memory

A

Stores and retrieves information, complex and fragile

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2
Q

3 key functions of memory

A

Encoding, Storage, Retrieval

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3
Q

Encoding

A

Transforming what we think, feel, or perceive into an encoding memory

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4
Q

Three types of encoding

A

Semantic
Visual Imagery
Organizational

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5
Q

Semantic Encoding

A

Process of relating new information in a meaningful way to knowledge that is already stored

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6
Q

Visual Imagery Encoding

A

Process of storing new information by converting it into mental pictures
Help remember double the amount of info

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7
Q

Organizational Encoding

A

Process of catagorizing….

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8
Q

Different kinds of coding involve different regions of the brain

A

Know this

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9
Q

Storage

A

Maintaining memory over time

3 kinds of storage:
Sensory
Short term
Long term

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10
Q

Sensory

A

Incredibly short, lasts for seconds

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11
Q

Short term

A

Less than a minute

Holds 7 unit of info

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12
Q

Long term

A

Forever

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13
Q

Iconic

A

Visual

1 second

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14
Q

Echoic

A

Hearing

5 seconds

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15
Q

Henry Molasion

A

27 years old, had seizures all the time, after removing hippocampus he couldn’t remember anything after surgery

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16
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

Inability to transfer new information from short term to long term memory

Hippocampus critical for putting new info into long term storage

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17
Q

Retrograde amnesia

A

Can’t remember anything before

Inability to retrieve info acquired before a particular point in time

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18
Q

The hippocampus acts like

A

An index that links info together

Links together little pieces to make one big one

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19
Q

Memories are stored

A

In many parts of the brain

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20
Q

Hippocampus index is crucial when…

A

Memories are first formed

After time, indexing seems less necessary

21
Q

We _______ memories, not ______ them

A

Reconstruct, recall

22
Q

Consolidation

A

Process by which memories become stable in the brain

23
Q

Reconsolidation

A

Process that occurs when memories are retrieved

Memories Can become vulnerable to disruption during this process

24
Q

Benefits of reconsolidation

A

Disrupting reconsolidation of traumatic memories reduces trauma of that

25
Q

Memory storage depends critically on _____

A

Synapses

26
Q

When ____ cross synapses, the _____ changes

A

Signals, synapses

27
Q

Hebb

A

Cells that fire together, wire together

28
Q

Long term storage

A

Growth of new synaptic connections between neurons

29
Q

New memories produce:

A

Actual physical changes in nervous system

30
Q

Retrieval

A

Retrieval ques

31
Q

Encoding specificity

A

Taking exams in the same room

32
Q

State dependent retrieval

A

Matching encoding and retrieval context helps improve recall

33
Q

The act of retrieving information can

A

Change the memory

34
Q

Implicit (long term memory)

A

Past experiences Influence later behaviour and performance without awareness

(Think of walking)

35
Q

Explicit memory

A

Conscious intentional retrieval

2 types:
Semantic
Episodic

36
Q

Semantic memory

A

Networks of facts about world

37
Q

Episodic memory

A

Past personal experiences

38
Q

3 sins of forgetting

A

Transience
Absent Mindedness
Blocking

39
Q

Transcience

A

Passage of time-> forgetting (specifics to genralities)

40
Q

Absent mindedness

A

Lapse of attention (not wearing pants)

41
Q

Blocking

A

Failure to retrieve something when trying (it’s on the tip of my tongue)

42
Q

3 sins of distortion

A

Misattribution
Suggestability
Bias

43
Q

Missattribution

A

Assigning recollection or idea to wrong source (can bill chuck bob)

44
Q

Suggestability

A

Tendency to incorporate misleading info from external sources into personal recollects

45
Q

Bias

A

Reconstructing past to fit the future “we always knew that”

46
Q

One sin of intrusion

A

Presisitance

47
Q

Persistence

A

Intrusive recollection of events we wished to forget emotional experiences usually

48
Q

Long term potentiation

A

A process whereby communication across the synapse between neurons strengthens the connection making further communication easier

Psychology 111 (8 decks)

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