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Psychology 111 > Chapter 4: Sensation And Perception > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Sensation And Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

Sensation (window to the world)

A

The stimulation of a sense organ

Brain receives input from your sensory organs

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2
Q

Perception (interpreting what comes through your sense window)

A

The brain makes out the input from the sensory organs

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3
Q

Transduction

A

Sensors in your body that convert physical signals from the environment into encoded neural signals which are sent to the CNS

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4
Q

Five senses

A

Taste, touch, sight, smell, hearing

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5
Q

Psychophysics

A

Relationship between physical stimuli and sensory response

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6
Q

Gustav Fechner

A

Structuralist: bits and pieces of consciousness

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7
Q

Absolute threshold

A

Minimal intensity needed to just barely detect a stimulus 50% of the time

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8
Q

We are most sensitive to a range of _____ corresponding to _______

A

Tones……… human conversation

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9
Q

Too high of a frequency

A

We can’t hear it

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10
Q

Too low of a frequency

A

We can’t hear but can feel

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11
Q

Absolute threshold

A

How sensitive we are to faint stimuli

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12
Q

Signal detection

A

Sensory signals face a lot of competition for our attention

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13
Q

Signal detection theory

A

Response to a stimuli depends on the sensitivity

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14
Q

Detecting signals in the environment

A
  • absolute threshold
  • just noticeable change
  • noise in environment
  • what choosing to pay attention to
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15
Q

Multitasking

A

Attention to auditory signals means processing of visual signals greatly decreases

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16
Q

Multitasking effects:

A

The ability to stay focus

Hurts the performance and productivity

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17
Q

Sensory adaptation

A

Sensitivity to prolonged stimulation declines over time as you adapt

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18
Q

Vision

A
  • Sensing light

- Wavelengths

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19
Q

Accommodation

A

Focussing- changing lense

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20
Q

Parts of the eye

A

Cornea, Retina, pupil, iris

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21
Q

Photo receptor cells

A

In the retina, contain light sensitive pigaments

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22
Q

Two types of photoreceptors

A

Rods and cones

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23
Q

Rods

A

Black and white

Oppreates in low light

Not as detailed

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24
Q

Cones

A

Detect colour

Operate in normal life

Fine details

25
Q

Fovea

A

No rods, has the clearest vision

26
Q

The path of light entering the eye

A

1) light rays come in and hits the rods and cones
2) Activate bi-polar Cell’s
3) Activate retinal ganglion cells
4) bundles RTC forms optic nerve
5) Goes to thalamus

27
Q

Blind spot

A

No rods or cones

28
Q

Perceiving light

A

3 types of cones

Blue red green

29
Q

Perceiving shape

A

Specialized Neurons

30
Q

Visual streams

A

Distinct pathways from occipital cortex to visual areas on other parts of the brain

31
Q

Ventral stream

A

The what stream! Temporal lobe

32
Q

Dorsal stream

A

Where stream (parietal lobe)

33
Q

Visual form agnosia

A

Inability to recognize objects by sight

34
Q

Visual illusions

A

Specialized neurons and feature detectors

35
Q

Parallel processing

A

Brain processes and makes sense of several aspects of stimulus simultaneously

36
Q

Binding process

A

Information from dorsal (where) stream and ventral (what) stream

37
Q

Perceptual constancy

A

If a chair tunes blue, we still recognize the chair

38
Q

Perceiving motion

A

Need to encode information about space and time

39
Q

Perceiving change

A

Change blindness (not noticing the waiter changing)

40
Q

Audition (hearing)

A

Hearing is sensing changes in air pressure that unfold in rapid succession over time

41
Q

3 dimensions of sound waves

A

1) frequency: correspond to our perception of pitch
2) Amplitude: corresponds to our perception of loudness
3) complexity: corresponds to our perception of timbre

42
Q

Nature sounds

A

Relief stress, lowered blood pressure, anxiety, agitation

43
Q

Parts of the ear

A 
Pinna 
Ear canal 
Eardrum 
Middle ear
Inner ear
Eustachain Tube
44
Q

Cochlea

A

Fluid filled, site of transduction

45
Q

Procedure or hearing

A

1) Tiny ear bones amplify sound
2) Chohlea sorts sounds by frequency
3) nerve passes signal from choclea

46
Q

Sounds above _____ dcibals can cause hearing loss

A

85

47
Q

Touch

Haptic Perception

A

How we feel in the world
Transduction of skin sensations into neaural signals

Pain, pressure, texture, pattern, vibration

48
Q

Pain

A

Neccecary for our survival

Neural signals travel to 2 distinct areas in your brain

49
Q

Gate control theory of pain

A

Stop pain by rubbing area

Activated neurons

50
Q

Body positioning

A

Proprioception: where you are in space

51
Q

Smell (olfactory)

A

Only sense that has a direct route to the forebrain

By passes the thalamus

52
Q

Taste

A

Necessary for our survival. Poisons are bitter

53
Q

Papillae

A

Within one is taste buds

54
Q

5 primary tastes

A

Sweet, sour, bitter, salty, unami

55
Q

Expectations relate to taste

A

If a candy is yellow, assume it is lemon

56
Q

New studies find that…..

A

Sight, hearing, smell, and touch all intertwine

Changing the shape or texture of food can change its taste

57
Q

Crossmodel interactions

A

5 senses are not distinct pathways into consciousness

58
Q

Why do crossmodel interactions occur

A

Possible neaural connection between auditory nerve and olfactory bulb

59
Q

Synesthsia

A

Extra ability

Hear colour, see sound, taste touch

Greek word for: to perceive together

Psychology 111 (8 decks)

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