Chapter 1: Evolution Of A Science Flashcards
Psychology is more than _____. It looks at the ___ and _____
Psychology is more than common sense. It looks at the what and the why.
Myths
1)They distinguish between fiction and fact.
2) They can be harmful,
3) cause indirect damage.
4) Accepting myths impede critical thinking in other areas
Define psychology
The definition of psychology is the science of the mind and behaviour
Psychology uses two science related things
Scientific method: measure, quantify, gather data, hypothesize, test, experiment
Statistical methods
Psychology links to (what sections give 3)
1) business
2) marketing
3) architecture
4) environmental issues
5) computer science
6) automotive designs
7) pilot training
Why take psychology (give 3)
1) transferable skills
2) know yourself, relationships
3) communication skills
Psychology began with who?
Psychology first began with the Greeks and their philosophy
Plato believed in what?
Nativism
The idea that knowledge and talent is in born
Ex. The baby was born an amazing dancer
Aristotle believed in
philosophical empiricism
The idea that knowledge is gained through experience
Nature vs nurture
False dichotomy
A combination of both!
Define: a division or contrast between two things that are or represented as being opposed or entirely different
Rene Descartes believed in dualism
The idea that the mind and body are separate
Thomas Hobbes believed
The mind is what the body does
Francis gall believed in
Francis Gall believed in phrenology
Phrenology
Mental ability is tied to damaged brains
Personality traits and mental abilities are localized in specific regions of the brain
Shape or your skull depends on your personality
Paul Broca believed in
(broca’s area)
Damage to small area of left side of brain
Brain and mind are linked
Helmholz measured
Helmholz believed in the speed of nerve impulses
Mental process are not instantaneous
Slightly behind from input
Wilhelmina Wundt
Held the first psychology lab
Studied consciousness by its parts
Structuralism
Introspection
Structuralism
Can be defined as psychology as the study of the elements of consciousness.
Introspection
The observation of ones own experience
William James
Yes, focussing I’m minds experience is important but more importantly! Consciousness flow!
Uses functionalism
Functualism
Considers mental life and behaviour in terms of active adaptation to the persons environment.
Ex. If child is grown up in a broken home, he might be bad
Wundt
James
Wundt- structure of mental process
James- function of mental process
G Stanley Hall
Held the first psychology lab in North America
Child development and education
James Baldwin
First psychology in Canada (u of t)
Clinical psychology
Neurologist in hospitals
Sigmund Freud (neurologist)
Hysteria from childhood experiences
Unconscious
Psychoanalytic theory
Psychoanalytic theory
Observing unconscious thoughts
First wave of psychology
Second wave of psychology
First wave of psychology: psychoanalytic theory
Second wave: behaviourism
Behaviourism
The theory of based learning based on the idea that all behaviours are acquired through conditioning
John Watson
Focussed on what people do
Goal of psychology is to predict and control behaviourism in helpful ways
Ivan Palov
Trained dog to salivate every time he ran the bell
Watson:
Stimulus response
Classical conditioning
Goes into advertising after getting kicked out of school
B.F skinner
People act, they don’t just react
Skinner box (reinforcement of concquences
Skinner box
A mouse is in a box, he discovers his surroundings and and realizes if he pulls a lever, a food pellet will come out.
B.F Skinner with children
Child rearing practises
Betterment of society (do good, get rewarded)
Featured face of time magazine
B.F. Skinner
Cognitive psychology
Max Wertheimer ______
Optical illusions
Gestalt psychology
Seeing things as a whole system
Bartlett _____
_____ is not _____
_____ is reconstruction
Memory
Memory is not reproduction
Memory is reconstruction
Kurt Lewin
How you behave is how you see the world
Angie gets hit in bar, she fights back and wants to kill them
I get hit in bar, I take it as an accident and let them go by
Psychologist started to _____
Coding human speech
Limited capacity to hold incoming information
Cognitive neuroscience
Links between cognitive processes and brain activity
Neurons that fire together, _______
Wire together!
Brain Mapping
Social psychology
Norman Triplett
Presence of other people change our behaviour
Workout with Cole, we ran faster
When do we use Obedience Conformity Prejudice Stereotyping
Obedience (someone in authority)
Conformity ( someone disagrees to a decision, everyone wonders. 3 dots all the same size, one says one is bigger, everyone questions, some agree)
Stimulus
Sensory input from the environment
Consciousness
A persons experience of the world and mind
Hysteria
Temporary loss of motor or cognitive functions due to emotionally upsetting experiences
Cognitive psychology
Scientific study of mental processes, including perception, thought, memory, and reasoning
Evolutionary psychology
Mind and behaviour in terms of our adaptive value
Wilder Penfield
“Neurons that fire together, wire together”
Mapping of the brain
Human potential
Growth orientated
“Pulled by the future, not pushed by the past”
Scientific study of well being
What makes life the most worth living
Happiness, life satisfacation, meaning in life
Cultural psychology
The idea is absolutism vs relativism
Study of how cultures reflect and shape the psychological processes of their members
Absolutism vs relativism
Absolutism holds morals and commands in all cultures (murder is wrong in all cultures)
Opposed to relativism which view moral values entirely different to societies (eating beef is wrong in India)
Social psychology
The study of the causes and consequences of sociality
