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Psychology 111 > Chapter 1: Evolution Of A Science > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Evolution Of A Science Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychology is more than _____. It looks at the ___ and _____

A

Psychology is more than common sense. It looks at the what and the why.

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2
Q

Myths

A

1)They distinguish between fiction and fact.

2) They can be harmful,
3) cause indirect damage.
4) Accepting myths impede critical thinking in other areas

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3
Q

Define psychology

A

The definition of psychology is the science of the mind and behaviour

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4
Q

Psychology uses two science related things

A

Scientific method: measure, quantify, gather data, hypothesize, test, experiment

Statistical methods

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5
Q

Psychology links to (what sections give 3)

A

1) business
2) marketing
3) architecture
4) environmental issues
5) computer science
6) automotive designs
7) pilot training

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6
Q

Why take psychology (give 3)

A

1) transferable skills
2) know yourself, relationships
3) communication skills

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7
Q

Psychology began with who?

A

Psychology first began with the Greeks and their philosophy

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8
Q

Plato believed in what?

A

Nativism

The idea that knowledge and talent is in born

Ex. The baby was born an amazing dancer

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9
Q

Aristotle believed in

A

philosophical empiricism

The idea that knowledge is gained through experience

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10
Q

Nature vs nurture

A

False dichotomy

A combination of both!

Define: a division or contrast between two things that are or represented as being opposed or entirely different

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11
Q

Rene Descartes believed in dualism

A

The idea that the mind and body are separate

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12
Q

Thomas Hobbes believed

A

The mind is what the body does

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13
Q

Francis gall believed in

A

Francis Gall believed in phrenology

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14
Q

Phrenology

A

Mental ability is tied to damaged brains

Personality traits and mental abilities are localized in specific regions of the brain

Shape or your skull depends on your personality

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15
Q

Paul Broca believed in

A

(broca’s area)
Damage to small area of left side of brain

Brain and mind are linked

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16
Q

Helmholz measured

A

Helmholz believed in the speed of nerve impulses

Mental process are not instantaneous

Slightly behind from input

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17
Q

Wilhelmina Wundt

A

Held the first psychology lab

Studied consciousness by its parts

Structuralism
Introspection

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18
Q

Structuralism

A

Can be defined as psychology as the study of the elements of consciousness.

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19
Q

Introspection

A

The observation of ones own experience

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20
Q

William James

A

Yes, focussing I’m minds experience is important but more importantly! Consciousness flow!

Uses functionalism

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21
Q

Functualism

A

Considers mental life and behaviour in terms of active adaptation to the persons environment.

Ex. If child is grown up in a broken home, he might be bad

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22
Q

Wundt

James

A

Wundt- structure of mental process

James- function of mental process

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23
Q

G Stanley Hall

A

Held the first psychology lab in North America

Child development and education

24
Q

James Baldwin

A

First psychology in Canada (u of t)

25
Q

Clinical psychology

A

Neurologist in hospitals

26
Q

Sigmund Freud (neurologist)

A

Hysteria from childhood experiences

Unconscious

Psychoanalytic theory

27
Q

Psychoanalytic theory

A

Observing unconscious thoughts

28
Q

First wave of psychology

Second wave of psychology

A

First wave of psychology: psychoanalytic theory

Second wave: behaviourism

29
Q

Behaviourism

A

The theory of based learning based on the idea that all behaviours are acquired through conditioning

30
Q

John Watson

A

Focussed on what people do

Goal of psychology is to predict and control behaviourism in helpful ways

31
Q

Ivan Palov

A

Trained dog to salivate every time he ran the bell

32
Q

Watson:

A

Stimulus response

Classical conditioning

Goes into advertising after getting kicked out of school

33
Q

B.F skinner

A

People act, they don’t just react

Skinner box (reinforcement of concquences

34
Q

Skinner box

A

A mouse is in a box, he discovers his surroundings and and realizes if he pulls a lever, a food pellet will come out.

35
Q

B.F Skinner with children

A

Child rearing practises

Betterment of society (do good, get rewarded)

36
Q

Featured face of time magazine

A

B.F. Skinner

37
Q

Cognitive psychology

Max Wertheimer ______

A

Optical illusions

38
Q

Gestalt psychology

A

Seeing things as a whole system

39
Q

Bartlett _____

_____ is not _____
_____ is reconstruction

A

Memory
Memory is not reproduction
Memory is reconstruction

40
Q

Kurt Lewin

A

How you behave is how you see the world

Angie gets hit in bar, she fights back and wants to kill them

I get hit in bar, I take it as an accident and let them go by

41
Q

Psychologist started to _____

A

Coding human speech

Limited capacity to hold incoming information

42
Q

Cognitive neuroscience

A

Links between cognitive processes and brain activity

43
Q

Neurons that fire together, _______

A

Wire together!

Brain Mapping

44
Q

Social psychology

Norman Triplett

A

Presence of other people change our behaviour

Workout with Cole, we ran faster

45
Q 
When do we use 
Obedience 
Conformity 
Prejudice 
Stereotyping
A

Obedience (someone in authority)
Conformity ( someone disagrees to a decision, everyone wonders. 3 dots all the same size, one says one is bigger, everyone questions, some agree)

46
Q

Stimulus

A

Sensory input from the environment

47
Q

Consciousness

A

A persons experience of the world and mind

48
Q

Hysteria

A

Temporary loss of motor or cognitive functions due to emotionally upsetting experiences

49
Q

Cognitive psychology

A

Scientific study of mental processes, including perception, thought, memory, and reasoning

50
Q

Evolutionary psychology

A

Mind and behaviour in terms of our adaptive value

51
Q

Wilder Penfield

A

“Neurons that fire together, wire together”

Mapping of the brain

52
Q

Human potential

A

Growth orientated

“Pulled by the future, not pushed by the past”

53
Q

Scientific study of well being

A

What makes life the most worth living

Happiness, life satisfacation, meaning in life

54
Q

Cultural psychology

A

The idea is absolutism vs relativism

Study of how cultures reflect and shape the psychological processes of their members

55
Q

Absolutism vs relativism

A

Absolutism holds morals and commands in all cultures (murder is wrong in all cultures)

Opposed to relativism which view moral values entirely different to societies (eating beef is wrong in India)

56
Q

Social psychology

A

The study of the causes and consequences of sociality

Psychology 111 (8 decks)

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