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Psychology 111 > Chapter 3: Neuroscince + Behaviour > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Neuroscince + Behaviour Flashcards

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1
Q

Why learn about the brain?

A

Knowing how our brain works allows us to understand people’s behaviour

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2
Q

Santiago Raman y Cajal

A

Invented the procedure of staining a neutron

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3
Q

Structure of a neuron

A

Cell body
Dendrite
Axon

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4
Q

Cell body (Soma)

A
  • Information processing
  • Keeps the cell Alice (provides energy)
  • nucleus: DNA chromosomes
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5
Q

Dendrite

A
  • Receives information from other neurons

- relay information to the cell body

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6
Q

Axon

A
  • Carries information from cell body
  • carries information to other neurons
  • many covered in myelin sheath
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7
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Insulating fatty material: boosts transmission speed

Composed of glial cells
Support cell for neurons

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8
Q

Sinapse

A

Gap between axon of one neuron to the dendrite or the next

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9
Q

Synapses allow us to

A

Think, move, feel

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10
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Take input from the environment and send it to the brain, via spinal cord

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11
Q

Motor neurons

A

From spinal cord to muscles

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12
Q

Interneurons

A

Connect neurons to neurons

Most common kind

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13
Q

Neurons specialized to certain locations

Purkinje cells

A

Cerebellum to the rest of the brain and spinal cord

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14
Q

Neurons specialized to certain locations

Pyramidal cells

A
  • Cerebral cortex

- One long single dendrite

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15
Q

Neurons specialized to certain locations

Bipolar neurons

A

Retina of the eye

-single axon, single dendrite

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16
Q

How do neurons talk to each other?

A

Electrochemical action

1) conduction
2) transmission

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17
Q

Conduction

A
  • Within a neuron

- electrical

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18
Q

Transmission

A
  • Neuron to neuron

- Chemical signals across synapse

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19
Q

Electrical signalling from neuron

3 points

A

Resting potential

Action potential

Refractory period

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20
Q

The myelin sheath helps move the ______

A

Action potential down the axon

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21
Q

Breaks in the Myelin sheath

A

nodes of Ranvier

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22
Q

Types and function of neurotransmitters

Acetylcholine (ACH)

A

Voluntary motor control

Attention and learning, play a roll in sleeping and memory

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23
Q

Dopamine

A
  • Regulates motor behaviour

- pleasure, emotion arousel

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24
Q

Too little dopamine results to

A

Parkinson’s disease

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25
Q

Too much dopamine results to

A

Schizophrenia

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26
Q

Glutamate

A

Helps move everything in your body

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27
Q

Too much glutamate may

A

result in seizures

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28
Q

GABA: Gamma Aminobutryic acid

A

The stop button

Opposite of Glutamate

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29
Q

Norepinephrine

A
  • The “danger” neurotransmitter

- makes you viligent

30
Q

Serotonin

A
  • Mood and arousel
  • wakefulness and sleeping
  • regulates aggressive behaviour
31
Q

Endorphins

A
  • Natural painkiller

- Antidepressant

32
Q

Drugs mimic neurotransmitters!

A

Don’t do drugs 🙈

33
Q

Agonist

A

Increases an action of a neurotransmitter

34
Q

Antagonist

A

Block the function of a neurotransmitter

35
Q

Organization of the nervous system

A

Interacting network of neurons that convert electrochemical information throughout the body

36
Q

2 systems

A

Central nervous system

Peripheral nervous system

37
Q

Central nervous system

A

Consist of the brain and spine

38
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Connects CNS to rest of body

2 kinds

1) autonomic
2) Somatic

39
Q

Somatic

A

Conscious control

40
Q

Sympathetic

A

Fight of flight

41
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Calming (counteracts fight or flight)

42
Q

Components of the central nervous system

A
  • Spinal reflexes

- disrupted if problems with myelin sheath

43
Q

Structure of the brain

A
  • hindbrain
  • midbrain
  • forebrain
44
Q

Hindbrain

A

Coordinates info into and out of spinal cord

Has 4 parts

1) Medulla
2) Recticular formation
3) Cerrebellum
4) Pons

45
Q

Medulla

A

Life support system, heart rate circulation

46
Q

Reticular formation

A

Sleep, wakefulness, arousel

If damaged, instant comma

47
Q

Cerrebellum

A

Fine motor skills and balence

48
Q

Pons

A

The “bridge”

Relay system between Cerrebellum and the other brain structures

49
Q

The midbrain

A

Has 2 parts

1) Tectum
2) Tegmentum

50
Q

Tectum

A

Orientation within the environment

51
Q

Tegmentum

A

Central location of neurotransmitters involved in arousel, mood, and motivation

52
Q

Forebrain

A

Develops last and has the highest functions

2 parts:

1) cerebral cortex
2) Subcortical Structures

53
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Outer layer- two hemispheres (compare your fists)

Has:
Gyri: Smooth parts
Sulci: Indentations

54
Q

Subcortical structures

A

Middle of your brain

Thalamus 
Hypothalamus 
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Basal Ganglia
55
Q

Thalamus

A

Every sense but smell goes here!

  • organizedand send out to other sections of brain
  • filters info by urgent first for survival
56
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulates hunger, thirst, temperature, sex drive

57
Q

Hippocampus

A

Creates new memory

Integrates them into network

58
Q

Amygdala

A

Strong emotion commutes to hippocampus

Formation of emotional memory

59
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Directs intentional movement

Works with the Cerrebellum

60
Q

Endocrine system

A

Network of glands produce secrets hormones

Controlled by pituitary gland

61
Q

Hemispheres

A

Left hemi controls the right side of body

Right hemi controls the left side of body

62
Q

Corpus callousum

A

Transmits info super fast (makes the two hemis speak to each other

63
Q

4 lobes

A

Occipital lobe

Temporal lobe

Parietal lobe

Frontal lobe

64
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Visual processing: object recognition

65
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Auditory processing: language comprehension

66
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Processing sensory information, body orientation

67
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Decision making, problem solving, deliberate movement, consciousness, emotion

68
Q

Within each lobe

A

Primary areas: for fine detail
Association areas: sense making for change making

Mirror neurons

69
Q

Brain plasticity

A

Notion that your brain is like plastic

It forms to your environment

70
Q

Evolution of nervous system

A

Ontogeny: evolution within individual

Phylogeny: development within your species

71
Q

Action potential

A

An electric signal that is conducted along a neurons axon to a synapse

Psychology 111 (8 decks)

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