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PSY101 > Chapter 6: Memory > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Memory Flashcards

1
Q

System that senses, organizes, alters, stores and retrieves info

A

MEMORY

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2
Q

Retains what is useful and meaningful

A

SELECTIVE MEMORY

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3
Q

Only bits and pieces

A

RECONSTRUCTIVE MEMORY

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4
Q

Cannot take everything in

A

LIMITED MEMORY

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5
Q

Converting stimuli into memorable brain codes

A

ENCODING

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6
Q

Holds in encoded info

A

STORAGE

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7
Q

Pulling info from storage

A

RETRIEVAL

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8
Q

Models of Memory:
Processing of info for memory storage
Series of 3 stages

A

INFORMATION PROCESSING MODEL

IPM

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9
Q

Three Stages of Memory (IPM):
1 2 3 4&5
→ Sensory Memory → _____ ⇄⇄ Long Term Memory

A
  1. ENCODING
  2. SELECTIVE ATTENTION
  3. SHORT TERM MEMORY
  4. CONSOLIDATION
  5. RETRIEVAL
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10
Q

Three Stages of Memory (IPM):
How long
Sensory Memory

A

A second or so

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11
Q

Three Stages of Memory (IPM):
How long
Short Term Memory

A

15 to 30 seconds

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12
Q

Three Stages of Memory (IPM):
How long
Long Term Memory

A

indefinitely

Some info may be hard to retrieve

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13
Q

Models of Memory:
Connections and timing of memory processes
Facilitating much faster reactions & decisions

A

PARALLEL DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING

PDP

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14
Q

Models of Memory:
Deeply processed
Will be remembered more efficiently and for a longer period of time
Shallow to deep

A

LEVELS-OF-PROCESSING MODEL

LoP

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15
Q

IPM:
First stage of memory
Pattern Recognition
Large but not unlimited

A

SENSORY MEMORY

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16
Q

Sensory Memory:
Visual
Masking
Eidetic Imagery (photographic memory)

A

ICONIC MEMORY

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17
Q

Sensory Memory:

Auditory

A

ECHOIC MEMORY

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18
Q

Ability to focus only on one stimulus from among all sensory input

A

SELECTIVE ATTENTION

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19
Q

IPM:

Info is held for brief periods of time

A

SHORT TERM MEMORY

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20
Q

bits of info are combined into meaningful units

A

CHUNKING

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21
Q

Repeatedly saying something over and over again to keep in memory

A

MSINTENANCE REHEARSALS

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22
Q

IPM:

Info is kept more or less permanently

A

LONG TERM MEMORY

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23
Q

Method of transferring meaningful info from STM to LTM

A

ELABORATIVE MEMORY

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24
Q

Types of Long Term Memory:
Non declarative
Memory of skills, procedures, habits & conditioned responses

A

PROCEDURAL MEMORY

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25
Types of Long Term Memory: | Memory that is not easily brought into conscious awareness
IMPLICIT MEMORY
26
Types of Long Term Memory: | Memory of facts
DECLARATIVE MEMORY
27
Types of Long Term Memory: | Memories that are easily made conscious or brought from LTM to STM
EXPLICIT MEMORY
28
``` Explicit Memory: General Knowledge (Language, info learned in format education) ```
SEMANTIC
29
Explicit Memory: Personal info/ facts Not readily available to others
EPISODIC
30
LTM Organization: General to Specific Concepts are more related
SEMANTIC NETWORK'S MODEL
31
LTM Organization: Interrelated concepts Different info can be accessed at the same time (speed)
PDP
32
Physical changes that takes place in the brain when memory is formed
ENGRAM
33
Process when an engram is forming | Occurs in deep sleep
CONSOLIDATION
34
Stimulus for remembering | Ex. Acronyms, Associations, Movements
RETRIEVAL CUES
35
Place association
ENCODING SPECIFICITY
36
Encoding Specificity: | Similarity of place help improve memory
CONTEXT DEPENDENT LEARNING
37
Encoding Specificity: | Same mood during encoding and retrieval
STATE DEPENDENT LEARNING
38
External cues are matched with stored info
RECOGNITION TASK
39
One thinks one recognises someone or something but really doesn't
FALSE POSITIVES
40
No external cues to match
RECALL TASK
41
Info at beginning or end will be remembered better
SERIAL POSITION EFFECT
42
Info at the beginning will be remembered better
PRIMACY EFFECT
43
Info at the end will be remembered better
RECENCY EFFECT
44
Tendency of certain info to enter LTM with little or no effort in encoding
AUTOMATIC ENCODING
45
Memory Retrieval: | Misleading info
MISINFORMATION EFFECT
46
Memory Retrieval: | Inaccurate memories
FALSE MEMORIES *False Memory Syndrome Creation of false memories
47
Failure to properly store info for future use
FORGETTING
48
Failure to process info into memory (and onto LTM)
ENCODING FAILURE
49
Normal forgetting due to the passage of time
TRANSCIENCE
50
Transcience: A lot of info is lost during the first hour of learning list of nonsense syllables
EBBINGHAUS' CURVE OF FORGETTING
51
Transcience: Physical change in the brain that occurs when a memory is formed fading of __ if not used
MEMORY TRACE DECAY THEORY
52
Inability to recall info because other info interferes
INTERFERENCE THEORY
53
Interference Theory: | Old gets in the way of the New
PROACTIVE INTERFERENCE
54
Interference Theory: | New gets in the way of the Old
RETROACTIVE INTERFERENCE
55
Tip of the tongue Inability to retrieve sound/ actual spelling of the word though meaning can be recalled Bits and pieces of info
RETRIEVAL/ RECALL FAILURE
56
Organic Amnesia: Forming of New memories become impossible Old memories may still be retrievable Ex. Drew Barrymore - 50 first dates
ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA
57
Organic Amnesia: Inability to recall previously learned info Loss of memory for the past Electroconvulsive Therapy
RETROGRADE AMNESIA
58
Organic Amnesia: Memory in the first 2 to 3 years of life Inability to retrieve from before age 3
INFANTILE AMNESIA
59
Memory for facts and events related to one's personal life story
AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY
60
Anterograde → Retrograde Calcification of brain 6 drugs that can slow down progress of this disease (6-12 months only)
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
61
Memory Area of the Brain: | Procedural Memories
CEREBELLUM
62
Memory Area of the Brain: | STM
PREFRONTAL CORTEX and TEMPORAL LOBES
63
Memory Area of the Brain: | Semantic and Episodic Memories
FRONTAL and TEMPORAL LOBES
64
Memory Area of the Brain: | Memory of Fear
AMYGDALA

PSY101 (7 decks)

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