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PSY101 > Chapter 6: Memory > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Memory Flashcards

1
Q

System that senses, organizes, alters, stores and retrieves info

A

MEMORY

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2
Q

Retains what is useful and meaningful

A

SELECTIVE MEMORY

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3
Q

Only bits and pieces

A

RECONSTRUCTIVE MEMORY

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4
Q

Cannot take everything in

A

LIMITED MEMORY

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5
Q

Converting stimuli into memorable brain codes

A

ENCODING

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6
Q

Holds in encoded info

A

STORAGE

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7
Q

Pulling info from storage

A

RETRIEVAL

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8
Q

Models of Memory:
Processing of info for memory storage
Series of 3 stages

A

INFORMATION PROCESSING MODEL

IPM

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9
Q

Three Stages of Memory (IPM):
1 2 3 4&5
→ Sensory Memory → _____ ⇄⇄ Long Term Memory

A
  1. ENCODING
  2. SELECTIVE ATTENTION
  3. SHORT TERM MEMORY
  4. CONSOLIDATION
  5. RETRIEVAL
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10
Q

Three Stages of Memory (IPM):
How long
Sensory Memory

A

A second or so

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11
Q

Three Stages of Memory (IPM):
How long
Short Term Memory

A

15 to 30 seconds

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12
Q

Three Stages of Memory (IPM):
How long
Long Term Memory

A

indefinitely

Some info may be hard to retrieve

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13
Q

Models of Memory:
Connections and timing of memory processes
Facilitating much faster reactions & decisions

A

PARALLEL DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING

PDP

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14
Q

Models of Memory:
Deeply processed
Will be remembered more efficiently and for a longer period of time
Shallow to deep

A

LEVELS-OF-PROCESSING MODEL

LoP

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15
Q

IPM:
First stage of memory
Pattern Recognition
Large but not unlimited

A

SENSORY MEMORY

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16
Q

Sensory Memory:
Visual
Masking
Eidetic Imagery (photographic memory)

A

ICONIC MEMORY

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17
Q

Sensory Memory:

Auditory

A

ECHOIC MEMORY

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18
Q

Ability to focus only on one stimulus from among all sensory input

A

SELECTIVE ATTENTION

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19
Q

IPM:

Info is held for brief periods of time

A

SHORT TERM MEMORY

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20
Q

bits of info are combined into meaningful units

A

CHUNKING

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21
Q

Repeatedly saying something over and over again to keep in memory

A

MSINTENANCE REHEARSALS

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22
Q

IPM:

Info is kept more or less permanently

A

LONG TERM MEMORY

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23
Q

Method of transferring meaningful info from STM to LTM

A

ELABORATIVE MEMORY

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24
Q

Types of Long Term Memory:
Non declarative
Memory of skills, procedures, habits & conditioned responses

A

PROCEDURAL MEMORY

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25
Q

Types of Long Term Memory:

Memory that is not easily brought into conscious awareness

A

IMPLICIT MEMORY

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26
Q

Types of Long Term Memory:

Memory of facts

A

DECLARATIVE MEMORY

27
Q

Types of Long Term Memory:

Memories that are easily made conscious or brought from LTM to STM

A

EXPLICIT MEMORY

28
Q 
Explicit Memory:
General Knowledge (Language, info learned in format education)
A

SEMANTIC

29
Q

Explicit Memory:
Personal info/ facts
Not readily available to others

A

EPISODIC

30
Q

LTM Organization:
General to Specific
Concepts are more related

A

SEMANTIC NETWORK’S MODEL

31
Q

LTM Organization:
Interrelated concepts
Different info can be accessed at the same time (speed)

A

PDP

32
Q

Physical changes that takes place in the brain when memory is formed

A

ENGRAM

33
Q

Process when an engram is forming

Occurs in deep sleep

A

CONSOLIDATION

34
Q

Stimulus for remembering

Ex. Acronyms, Associations, Movements

A

RETRIEVAL CUES

35
Q

Place association

A

ENCODING SPECIFICITY

36
Q

Encoding Specificity:

Similarity of place help improve memory

A

CONTEXT DEPENDENT LEARNING

37
Q

Encoding Specificity:

Same mood during encoding and retrieval

A

STATE DEPENDENT LEARNING

38
Q

External cues are matched with stored info

A

RECOGNITION TASK

39
Q

One thinks one recognises someone or something but really doesn’t

A

FALSE POSITIVES

40
Q

No external cues to match

A

RECALL TASK

41
Q

Info at beginning or end will be remembered better

A

SERIAL POSITION EFFECT

42
Q

Info at the beginning will be remembered better

A

PRIMACY EFFECT

43
Q

Info at the end will be remembered better

A

RECENCY EFFECT

44
Q

Tendency of certain info to enter LTM with little or no effort in encoding

A

AUTOMATIC ENCODING

45
Q

Memory Retrieval:

Misleading info

A

MISINFORMATION EFFECT

46
Q

Memory Retrieval:

Inaccurate memories

A

FALSE MEMORIES

*False Memory Syndrome
Creation of false memories

47
Q

Failure to properly store info for future use

A

FORGETTING

48
Q

Failure to process info into memory (and onto LTM)

A

ENCODING FAILURE

49
Q

Normal forgetting due to the passage of time

A

TRANSCIENCE

50
Q

Transcience:
A lot of info is lost during the first hour of learning
list of nonsense syllables

A

EBBINGHAUS’ CURVE OF FORGETTING

51
Q

Transcience:
Physical change in the brain that occurs when a memory is formed
fading of __ if not used

A

MEMORY TRACE DECAY THEORY

52
Q

Inability to recall info because other info interferes

A

INTERFERENCE THEORY

53
Q

Interference Theory:

Old gets in the way of the New

A

PROACTIVE INTERFERENCE

54
Q

Interference Theory:

New gets in the way of the Old

A

RETROACTIVE INTERFERENCE

55
Q

Tip of the tongue
Inability to retrieve sound/ actual spelling of the word though meaning can be recalled
Bits and pieces of info

A

RETRIEVAL/ RECALL FAILURE

56
Q

Organic Amnesia:
Forming of New memories become impossible
Old memories may still be retrievable
Ex. Drew Barrymore - 50 first dates

A

ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA

57
Q

Organic Amnesia:
Inability to recall previously learned info
Loss of memory for the past
Electroconvulsive Therapy

A

RETROGRADE AMNESIA

58
Q

Organic Amnesia:
Memory in the first 2 to 3 years of life
Inability to retrieve from before age 3

A

INFANTILE AMNESIA

59
Q

Memory for facts and events related to one’s personal life story

A

AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY

60
Q

Anterograde → Retrograde
Calcification of brain
6 drugs that can slow down progress of this disease (6-12 months only)

A

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

61
Q

Memory Area of the Brain:

Procedural Memories

A

CEREBELLUM

62
Q

Memory Area of the Brain:

STM

A

PREFRONTAL CORTEX and TEMPORAL LOBES

63
Q

Memory Area of the Brain:

Semantic and Episodic Memories

A

FRONTAL and TEMPORAL LOBES

64
Q

Memory Area of the Brain:

Memory of Fear

A

AMYGDALA

PSY101 (7 decks)

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