Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSY101 > Chapter 2: An Overview Of The Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 2: An Overview Of The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Network of cells that carries information to & from all parts of the body

A

NERVOUS SYSTEM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Branch of life sci that deals with the structure & functioning of the brain, neurons, nerves & nervous tissue that form the nervous system
Santiago Ramon y Cajal

A

NEUROSCIENCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Focuses on biological bases of psychological processes, behavior & learning

A

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY

Behavioral Neuroscience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Specialized cell that is considered as the messengers of the body
Makes up 10% of the brain

A

NEURONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Input Terminals
Branch like
Message receiver

A

DENDRITES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cell body
Contains nucleus
Keeps cell alive

A

SOMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Carries and sends messages to other cells

A

AXON

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fatty substance that protect axon

Generated by Glial cells

A

MYELIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Output

A

SYNAPTIC KNOBS

Axon Terminals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q 
Separate, support and Insulate neurons
Give nutrients
Clean up remains of dead neurons
Communicate with neurons
90% of the brain
A

GLIAL CELLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q 
What does the ff do? 
Oligodendrocytes (CNS)
Schwann Cells (PNS)
A

Produces Myelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The Neural Impulse:

Neuron at rest is….

A

ELECTRICALLY CHARGED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The Neural Impulse:

Relative charge of ions

A
  • Inside

+ Outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The Neural Impulse:

Process of molecules moving from High to Low concentration

A

DIFFUSION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The Neural Impulse:

Tiny protein openings

A

CHANNELS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The Neural Impulse:
Cell is at rest
- Inside
+ Outside

A

RESTING POTENTIAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The Neural Impulse:

Occurs when +Na ions enter the cell causing a reversal of the electrical charge from - to +

A

ACTION POTENTIAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q 
The Neural Impulse:
                  ^
                /   |
            \_\_/    |
          /         |
         /          |
-----            \ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_--------

*Neurons fire in all or nothing manner

A

Resting Potential > Threshold > Action Potential > Hypolarization > Resting Potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Empty fluid-filled space between the axon & the next dendrite

A

THE SYNAPSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

End fibers of axon

A

SYNAPTIC KNOB IF PRESYNAPTIC NEURON

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sac-like structure at the end of the knob

A

SYNAPTIC VESICLES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Surface of the dendrite of the next neuron

A

SURFACE OF POST SYNAPTIC NEURON

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Float across the synapse
Fit themselves into the receptor sites
Activating the next cell

A

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Neurotransmitters:

Causes the receiving cell to fire

A

EXCITATORY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Neurotransmitters: | Causes the receiving cell to stop firing
INHIBITORY
26
Major Neurotransmitters: Mood, sleep, appetite Can be either I or E Lack = depression
SEROTONIN
27
``` Major Neurotransmitters: Memory, control of muscle contraction, arousal, attention Found in hippocampus Can be I or E First known transmitter CURARE - poison that blocks it ```
ACETYLCHOLINE
28
``` Major Neurotransmitters: Control of movement & sensations of pleasure Can be I or E Low = Parkinson's High = Schizophrenia ```
DOPAMINE
29
``` Major Neurotransmitters: Sleep & inhibits movement Can help calm anxiety Major I (to the brain) *enhanced by alcohol ```
GABA | Gamma - Aminobutyric Acid
30
``` Major Neurotransmitters: Learning, memory formation, nervous system development Synaptic Plasticity Major E Excess = Alzheimer's ```
GLUTAMATE
31
Glutamate: | Ability of brain to change connection among its neurons
SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY
32
Major Neurotransmitters: Pain relief *Morphine or heroin stops production of these
ENDORPHINES
33
Major Neurotransmitters: Arousal & mood Mainly E Low levels = depression
NOREPINEPHRINE
34
Chemical substance that BLOCKS or reduces the effects of a neurotransmitter
ANTAGONIST
35
Mimics or enhances the effects of a neurotransmitter
AGONIST
36
Taken back to synaptic
REUPTAKE
37
Structure is altered so that it can no longer act as a receptor
ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION
38
CNS: Gets info from senses Decisions & commands
BRAIN
39
CNS: | Long bundle of neurons
SPINAL CORD
40
Spinal cord: | Carry messages from body to brain
OUTER
41
Spinal cord: | Help control reflex
INNER
42
CNS: | Part of the spinal cord that is responsible for certain reflexes
THE REFLEX ARC
43
The Reflex Arc: Sensory Carries messages from senses to spinal cord
AFFERENT NEURONS
44
The Reflex Arc: Motor Carries messages from spinal cord to muscles & glands
EFFERENT NEURONS
45
The Reflex Arc: Connects afferent to efferent neurons Make- up the spinal cord & brain
INTERNEURONS
46
CNS: Generates neurons Creates a new path way
NEUROPLASTICITY
47
Made up of nerves & neurons that are not contained in the CNS
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
48
PNS: Two Major Systems Made up of sensory & motor pathways Sensory pathway delivers to CNS
SOMATIC
49
PNS: Two Major Systems | Controls organs, glands & involuntary muscles
AUTONOMIC
50
Autonomic: | Flight or Fight
SYMPATHETIC
51
Autonomic: | Rest & Digest
PARASYMPATHETIC
52
Secrete hormones directly to the bloodstream
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
53
Endocrine Glands: Sleep & wake cycle Melatonin Responses to change of light
PINEAL GLAND
54
Endocrine Glands: Master gland Hormones
PITUITARY GLAND
55
Endocrine Glands: Metabolism Thyroxin (brain development)
THYROID
56
Endocrine Glands: | Controls levels of sugar (insulin) & glucagons
PANCREAS
57
Endocrine Glands: | Regulates sexual development
GONADS
58
Endocrine Glands: Regulate salt intake Secretes Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
ADRENALS
59
The Brain: | Structures at the bottom part of the brain
HIND BRAIN
60
The Hind Brain: Bridge between brain & spinal cord Sensory nerves crossover Heartbeat, breathing & swallowing
MEDULLA
61
``` The Hind Brain: Message transmission Bridges Cortex to Cerebellum Coordinates movements of L&R side of the body Sleep, dreaming & arousal ```
PONS
62
The Hind Brain: | Allows people to ignore unchanging & become alert to changes
RETICULAR FORMATION
63
The Hind Brain: Reflexes are stored Controls balance & muscle coordination
CEREBELLUM
64
The Brain: Several brain structures under the cortex Learning, emotion, memory & motivation
THE LIMBIC SYSTEM
65
The Limbic System: | Relays info from sensory organs to cerebral cortex
THALAMUS
66
The Limbic System: Above Pituitary Regulates body 🌡, 👅🍽, 💦,🛌 & wake, emotions
HYPOTHALAMUS
67
The Limbic System: Almond- shaped Responses to memory of FEAR
AMYGDALA
68
``` The Limbic System: Above the corpus collosum Emotional & cognitive tasks Selective attention Memory Word recognition ```
CINGULATE CORTEX
69
The Brain: Upper part of the brain Consists of L & R hemispheres and the structures connecting them
THE CEREBRUM
70
``` The Brain: Outer part of the brain Cerebral hemispheres (L&R) Wrinkling (Corticalization) Copus Collosum (hard bodies) ```
THE CORTEX
71
``` The Lobes: Rear of the head Sight Primary visual cortex Visual association cortex ```
OCCIPITAL LOBE
72
``` The Lobes: Wall Somatosensory cortex Touch Temperature Body position ```
PARIETAL LOBE
73
``` The Lobes: Of / near the temples Primary Auditory cortex Auditory Association cortex Language & taste can also be processed here ```
TEMPORAL LOBE
74
``` The Lobes: Front side of the brain Mirror neurons Connects to limbic system High mental functions (personality, memory storage, decision making) Can control emotion Motor Cortex ```
FRONTAL LOBE
75
The Hemispheres: Sequence Logical thought processes Structuralist
LEFT
76
The Hemispheres: Simultaneous process of info Music & artistic processing Gestaltist
RIGHT

PSY101 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions