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PSY101 > Chapter 2: An Overview Of The Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 2: An Overview Of The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Network of cells that carries information to & from all parts of the body

A

NERVOUS SYSTEM

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2
Q

Branch of life sci that deals with the structure & functioning of the brain, neurons, nerves & nervous tissue that form the nervous system
Santiago Ramon y Cajal

A

NEUROSCIENCE

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3
Q

Focuses on biological bases of psychological processes, behavior & learning

A

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY

Behavioral Neuroscience

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4
Q

Specialized cell that is considered as the messengers of the body
Makes up 10% of the brain

A

NEURONS

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5
Q

Input Terminals
Branch like
Message receiver

A

DENDRITES

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6
Q

Cell body
Contains nucleus
Keeps cell alive

A

SOMA

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7
Q

Carries and sends messages to other cells

A

AXON

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8
Q

Fatty substance that protect axon

Generated by Glial cells

A

MYELIN

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9
Q

Output

A

SYNAPTIC KNOBS

Axon Terminals

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10
Q 
Separate, support and Insulate neurons
Give nutrients
Clean up remains of dead neurons
Communicate with neurons
90% of the brain
A

GLIAL CELLS

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11
Q 
What does the ff do? 
Oligodendrocytes (CNS)
Schwann Cells (PNS)
A

Produces Myelin

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12
Q

The Neural Impulse:

Neuron at rest is….

A

ELECTRICALLY CHARGED

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13
Q

The Neural Impulse:

Relative charge of ions

A
  • Inside

+ Outside

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14
Q

The Neural Impulse:

Process of molecules moving from High to Low concentration

A

DIFFUSION

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15
Q

The Neural Impulse:

Tiny protein openings

A

CHANNELS

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16
Q

The Neural Impulse:
Cell is at rest
- Inside
+ Outside

A

RESTING POTENTIAL

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17
Q

The Neural Impulse:

Occurs when +Na ions enter the cell causing a reversal of the electrical charge from - to +

A

ACTION POTENTIAL

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18
Q 
The Neural Impulse:
                  ^
                /   |
            \_\_/    |
          /         |
         /          |
-----            \ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_--------

*Neurons fire in all or nothing manner

A

Resting Potential > Threshold > Action Potential > Hypolarization > Resting Potential

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19
Q

Empty fluid-filled space between the axon & the next dendrite

A

THE SYNAPSE

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20
Q

End fibers of axon

A

SYNAPTIC KNOB IF PRESYNAPTIC NEURON

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21
Q

Sac-like structure at the end of the knob

A

SYNAPTIC VESICLES

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22
Q

Surface of the dendrite of the next neuron

A

SURFACE OF POST SYNAPTIC NEURON

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23
Q

Float across the synapse
Fit themselves into the receptor sites
Activating the next cell

A

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

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24
Q

Neurotransmitters:

Causes the receiving cell to fire

A

EXCITATORY

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25
Q

Neurotransmitters:

Causes the receiving cell to stop firing

A

INHIBITORY

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26
Q

Major Neurotransmitters:
Mood, sleep, appetite
Can be either I or E
Lack = depression

A

SEROTONIN

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27
Q 
Major Neurotransmitters:
Memory, control of muscle contraction, arousal, attention
Found in hippocampus
Can be I or E 
First known transmitter
CURARE - poison that blocks it
A

ACETYLCHOLINE

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28
Q 
Major Neurotransmitters:
Control of movement & sensations of pleasure
Can be I or E 
Low = Parkinson's 
High = Schizophrenia
A

DOPAMINE

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29
Q 
Major Neurotransmitters:
Sleep & inhibits movement
Can help calm anxiety
Major I (to the brain) 
*enhanced by alcohol
A

GABA

Gamma - Aminobutyric Acid

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30
Q 
Major Neurotransmitters:
Learning, memory formation, nervous system development
Synaptic Plasticity 
Major E 
Excess = Alzheimer's
A

GLUTAMATE

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31
Q

Glutamate:

Ability of brain to change connection among its neurons

A

SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY

32
Q

Major Neurotransmitters:
Pain relief
*Morphine or heroin stops production of these

A

ENDORPHINES

33
Q

Major Neurotransmitters:
Arousal & mood
Mainly E
Low levels = depression

A

NOREPINEPHRINE

34
Q

Chemical substance that BLOCKS or reduces the effects of a neurotransmitter

A

ANTAGONIST

35
Q

Mimics or enhances the effects of a neurotransmitter

A

AGONIST

36
Q

Taken back to synaptic

A

REUPTAKE

37
Q

Structure is altered so that it can no longer act as a receptor

A

ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION

38
Q

CNS:
Gets info from senses
Decisions & commands

A

BRAIN

39
Q

CNS:

Long bundle of neurons

A

SPINAL CORD

40
Q

Spinal cord:

Carry messages from body to brain

A

OUTER

41
Q

Spinal cord:

Help control reflex

A

INNER

42
Q

CNS:

Part of the spinal cord that is responsible for certain reflexes

A

THE REFLEX ARC

43
Q

The Reflex Arc:
Sensory
Carries messages from senses to spinal cord

A

AFFERENT NEURONS

44
Q

The Reflex Arc:
Motor
Carries messages from spinal cord to muscles & glands

A

EFFERENT NEURONS

45
Q

The Reflex Arc:
Connects afferent to efferent neurons
Make- up the spinal cord & brain

A

INTERNEURONS

46
Q

CNS:
Generates neurons
Creates a new path way

A

NEUROPLASTICITY

47
Q

Made up of nerves & neurons that are not contained in the CNS

A

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

48
Q

PNS: Two Major Systems
Made up of sensory & motor pathways
Sensory pathway delivers to CNS

A

SOMATIC

49
Q

PNS: Two Major Systems

Controls organs, glands & involuntary muscles

A

AUTONOMIC

50
Q

Autonomic:

Flight or Fight

A

SYMPATHETIC

51
Q

Autonomic:

Rest & Digest

A

PARASYMPATHETIC

52
Q

Secrete hormones directly to the bloodstream

A

ENDOCRINE GLANDS

53
Q

Endocrine Glands:
Sleep & wake cycle
Melatonin
Responses to change of light

A

PINEAL GLAND

54
Q

Endocrine Glands:
Master gland
Hormones

A

PITUITARY GLAND

55
Q

Endocrine Glands:
Metabolism
Thyroxin (brain development)

A

THYROID

56
Q

Endocrine Glands:

Controls levels of sugar (insulin) & glucagons

A

PANCREAS

57
Q

Endocrine Glands:

Regulates sexual development

A

GONADS

58
Q

Endocrine Glands:
Regulate salt intake
Secretes Epinephrine & Norepinephrine

A

ADRENALS

59
Q

The Brain:

Structures at the bottom part of the brain

A

HIND BRAIN

60
Q

The Hind Brain:
Bridge between brain & spinal cord
Sensory nerves crossover
Heartbeat, breathing & swallowing

A

MEDULLA

61
Q 
The Hind Brain:
Message transmission
Bridges Cortex to Cerebellum
Coordinates movements of L&R side of the body
Sleep, dreaming & arousal
A

PONS

62
Q

The Hind Brain:

Allows people to ignore unchanging & become alert to changes

A

RETICULAR FORMATION

63
Q

The Hind Brain:
Reflexes are stored
Controls balance & muscle coordination

A

CEREBELLUM

64
Q

The Brain:
Several brain structures under the cortex
Learning, emotion, memory & motivation

A

THE LIMBIC SYSTEM

65
Q

The Limbic System:

Relays info from sensory organs to cerebral cortex

A

THALAMUS

66
Q

The Limbic System:
Above Pituitary
Regulates body 🌡, 👅🍽, 💦,🛌 & wake, emotions

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

67
Q

The Limbic System:
Almond- shaped
Responses to memory of FEAR

A

AMYGDALA

68
Q 
The Limbic System:
Above the corpus collosum
Emotional & cognitive tasks
Selective attention
Memory
Word recognition
A

CINGULATE CORTEX

69
Q

The Brain:
Upper part of the brain
Consists of L & R hemispheres and the structures connecting them

A

THE CEREBRUM

70
Q 
The Brain:
Outer part of the brain
Cerebral hemispheres (L&R)
Wrinkling (Corticalization)
Copus Collosum (hard bodies)
A

THE CORTEX

71
Q 
The Lobes:
Rear of the head
Sight
Primary visual cortex
Visual association cortex
A

OCCIPITAL LOBE

72
Q 
The Lobes:
Wall
Somatosensory cortex
Touch
Temperature
Body position
A

PARIETAL LOBE

73
Q 
The Lobes:
Of / near the temples
Primary Auditory cortex
Auditory Association cortex
Language & taste can also be processed here
A

TEMPORAL LOBE

74
Q 
The Lobes:
Front side of the brain
Mirror neurons
Connects to limbic system
High mental functions (personality, memory storage, decision making)
Can control emotion
Motor Cortex
A

FRONTAL LOBE

75
Q

The Hemispheres:
Sequence
Logical thought processes
Structuralist

A

LEFT

76
Q

The Hemispheres:
Simultaneous process of info
Music & artistic processing
Gestaltist

A

RIGHT

PSY101 (7 decks)

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