Chapter 6 Mechanical Properties Flashcards

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1
Q

elasticity

A

is the ability of a body to resist a distorting influence and to return to its original size and shape when that influence or force is removed.

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2
Q

elastic deformation

A

the temporary change in length, volume, or shape produced in an elastic substance by a stress that is less than the elastic limit of the substance.

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3
Q

plastic deformation in metals

A

is the permanent distortion that occurs when a material is subjected to tensile, compressive, bending, or torsion stresses that exceed its yield strength and cause it to elongate, compress, buckle, bend, or twist.

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4
Q

* plastic deformation continued *

plastic means perminent

A
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5
Q

engineering stress

A

is the applied load divided by the original cross-sectional area of a material. Also known as nominal stress.

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6
Q

tensile stress

A

Tensile stress (σ) is the resistance of an object to a force that could tear it apart.

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7
Q

shear stress

A

often denoted by τ, is the component of stress coplanar with a material cross-section. It arises from the shear force, the component of the force vector parallel to the material cross-section.

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8
Q

engineering stress example

A
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9
Q

simple tension and torsion

A

tension = is a reaction force applied by a stretched string (rope or a similar object) on the objects which stretch it.

torsion = the twisting or wrenching of a body by the exertion of forces tending to turn one end or part about a longitudinal axis while the other is held fast or turned in the opposite direction

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10
Q

states of stress example

A
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11
Q

3 other common stress states

A

compression

bi axial

hyrdostatic

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12
Q

strain

A

number that describes relative deformation or change in shape and size of elastic, plastic, and fluid materials under applied forces

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13
Q

tensile strain

A

the deformation or elongation of a solid body due to the application of a tensile force or stress. In other words, tensile strain is produced when a body increases in length as applied forces try to “stretch” it.

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14
Q

lateral strain

A

the ratio of the change in diameter of a circular bar of a material to its diameter due to deformation in the longitudinal direction

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15
Q

shear strain

A

amount of contortion caused by the sliding of plane layers over each other within a deformity

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16
Q

engineering strain equations

A
17
Q

stress-strain testing example

A
18
Q

hooke’s law

A

a law stating that the strain in a solid is proportional to the applied stress within the elastic limit of that solid.

19
Q

Poisson’s ration

A

the ratio of the proportional decrease in a lateral measurement to the proportional increase in length in a sample of material that is elastically stretched.

20
Q

other elastic properties

A
21
Q

useful linear elastic relationships

A

linear elastiscity is a mathematical model of how solid objects deform and become internally stressed due to prescribed loading conditions.

22
Q

yield strength

A

is the maximum stress that can be applied before it begins to change shape permanently

23
Q

tensile strength

A

the resistance of a material to breaking under tension.

24
Q

necking

A

describe the localized reduction of cross-sectional area of a specimen under tensile load

25
Q

ductility

A

the ability of a material to be drawn or plastically deformed without fracture. ( copper wire)

26
Q

toughness

A

is the ability of a material to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing.

27
Q

resilience

A

the ability of a material to absorb energy when it is deformed elastically, and release that energy upon unloading.

28
Q

hardness

A

is a measure of the resistance to localized plastic deformation induced by either mechanical indentation or abrasion.

29
Q

4 different types of hardness testing

A

Rockwell Hardness

Brinell Hardness

Knoop Hardness

Vickers Hardness

30
Q

hardness testing techniques

A
31
Q

true stress and strain equations

A
32
Q

hardening

A

The metalworking process used to increase the hardness of a metal. The hardness of a metal is directly proportional to the uniaxial yield stress at the location of the imposed strain. A harder metal will have a higher resistance to plastic deformation than a less hard metal.

33
Q

design or safety factors example

A
34
Q

Summary of this chapter

A