Chapter 2 interatomic bonding

Question 1

Some of the following properties are determined by electronic structure

Answer 1

• chemical
• electrical
• thermal
• optical

Question 2

an atom contains 3 thongs

Answer 2

electrons

protons

neutrons

Question 3

atomic number

Answer 3

• number of protons in the nucleus of an atoms

-

Question 4

what is an amu?

Answer 4

atomic mass number 1/12 mass of ¹²C

Question 5

atomic weight

Answer 5

wt of 6.022 * 10²³ molecules or atonms

1 amu/atom = 1 g/mol

Question 6

2 models of electronic structure

Answer 6

Bohr’s model

wave mechanical atom model

Question 7

in electron structure, electrons have wavelike and particle properties. two of the wavelike characteristics are

Answer 7

• electrons are in orbitals defined by a probability
• each orbital at discrete energy level is determined by quantum numbers

Question 8

quantum number

n =

l =

m_{<em>l = </em>}

ms =

Answer 8

n = principal ( energy level shell, size, average distance)

l = subsidiary (subshell, shape)

m_{<em>l = </em>}magnetic (number of obitals)

ms = spin

Question 9

electron energy states

Answer 9

Question 10

electron states filling orbitals

Answer 10

Question 11

electron configurations

Answer 11

Question 12

* quick reminder *

survey of elements

Answer 12

Question 13

valence electrons

Answer 13

those in unfilled shells

are the most available for bonding and tend to control the chemical properties

ex

1s² 2s² 2p²

valence electrons

Question 14

* quick reminder *

the periodic table

Answer 14

Question 15

electronegativity

Answer 15

is a measure of an atom’s ability to attract shared electrons to itself.

Question 16

electronegativity on the periodic table

Answer 16

Question 17

ionic bond

Answer 17

type of linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound.

Question 18

* quick reminder *

ionic bond

Answer 18

Question 19

1) ionic bonding occurs between __ and __ ions
2) requires ____ transfer
3) large difference in ________ required
4) good example is _____

Answer 19

1) ionic bonding occurs between + and - ions
2) requires electron transfer
3) large difference in electronegativity required
4) good example is NaCI

Na (metal, unstable ) CI (nonmetal, unstable)

Na (cation,stable) + - CI(anion, stable)

Question 20

* quick reference *

ionic bonding on the periodic table

Answer 20

Question 21

cations

Answer 21

atom or group of atoms that bears a positive electric charge.

Question 22

anions

Answer 22

has more electrons than protons, consequently giving it a net negative charge.

Question 23

electron cloud

Answer 23

the system of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom.

Question 24

* quick reference *

bond hybrization - carbon

Answer 24

Question 25

primary bonding

Answer 25

involve sharing or donating electrons between atoms to form a more stable electron configuration

Question 26

* quick reference *

primary bonding

Answer 26

Question 27

secondary bonding

Answer 27

They are usually formed when an uneven charge distribution occurs, creating what is known as a dipole (the total charge is zero, but there is slightly more positive or negative charge on one end of the atom than on the other

Question 28

* quick reference *

secondary bonding

Answer 28

Question 29

* quick refernece *

summary bonding

Answer 29

Question 30

T_m

Answer 30

melting temperature

Question 31

what is the coefficient of thermal expansion represented by

Answer 31

α ( alpha )

Question 32

thermal expansion

Answer 32

is the tendency of matter to change in shape, volume, and area in response to a change in temperature

Question 33

types of bonding that occurs

ceramics -

metals -

polymers -

Answer 33

ceramics - Ionic & covalent bonding

metals - Metallic bonding

polymers - Covalent & Secondary

Question 34

Large bond energy

large __

large __

small ___

Answer 34

Large bond energy

large T_m

large Energy

small α (thermal expansion)

Question 35

Variable bond energy

moderate __

moderate __

moderate ___

Answer 35

Variable bond energy

moderate Tm

moderate Energy

moderate α (thermal expansion)

Question 36

Directional Properties

Secondary bonding dominates

small ___

small ___

large ___

Answer 36

small Tm

small Energy

large α (thermal expansion)