Chapter 11 Processing of metal alloys

Question 1

what are the two classifications of metal alloys

Answer 1

what are the two classifications of metal alloys?

• Ferrous
• Nonferrous

Question 2

define Ferrous and nonferrous alloys

Answer 2

Ferrous - refers to various alloys of iron with a high proportion of one or more other elements such as manganese, aluminum, or silicon. They are used in the production of steels and alloys

nonferrous - metals or alloys are materials that are not iron-based

Question 3

in steels what are the three types of of low alloys

Answer 3

low carbon

med carbon

high carbon

Question 4

what is a blast furnace

Answer 4

is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals,

Question 5

2 examples of iron-based alloys

Answer 5

steels and cast irons

Question 6

describe cast irons

Answer 6

cast iron is a group of iron-carbon alloys with a carbon content more than 2%

Question 7

Fe-c true equilibrium diagram

Answer 7

Question 8

what are the 5 types of cast iron

Answer 8

what are the 5 types of cast iron

gray iron, ductile iron, white iron, malleable iron, compacted graphite iron

Question 9

Grey iron properties

Answer 9

Question 10

ductile iron properties

Answer 10

Question 11

white iron properties

Answer 11

Question 12

malleable iron properties

Answer 12

Question 13

compacted graphite iron properties

Answer 13

Question 14

* quick reference on the production of cast irons *

Answer 14

Question 15

3 limitations of ferrous alloys

Answer 15

1) relatively high densities
2) relatively low electrical conductivity
3) relatively poor corrosion resistance

Question 16

6 different types of nonferrous alloys

Answer 16

Cooper Aluminum Titanium Magnesium noble metals and refractory metals

Question 17

what are noble metals

Answer 17

a metal (e.g. gold, silver, or platinum) that resists chemical action, does not corrode, and is not easily attacked by acids.

Question 18

what are refractory metals

Answer 18

are a class of metals that are extraordinarily resistant to heat and wear.

ex tungsten

Question 19

2 ways to fabricate metal

Answer 19

• blacksmith
• cast molten metal into a mold

Question 20

in metal fabrication what are some differences

hot working vs cold working

Answer 20

hot working - deformation temperature high enough for recrystallization, large deformations

cold working - deformation below the recrystallization temperature, strain hardening occurs, small deformations

Question 21

3 methods of fabricating metal

Answer 21

• forming
• casting
• miscellaneous

Question 22

4 types of forming fabrication

Answer 22

Question 23

what is casting in the metal fabrication process

Answer 23

Question 24

what is sand casting

Answer 24

Question 25

what is investment casting

Answer 25

a technique for making small, accurate castings in refractory alloys using a mold formed around a pattern of wax or similar material which is then removed by melting.

Question 26

define die casting and continuous casting

Answer 26

die casting - is a metal casting process that is characterized by forcing molten metal under high pressure into a mold cavity

continuous casting - also called strand casting, is the process whereby molten metal is solidified into a “semifinished” billet, bloom, or slab for subsequent rolling in the finishing mills.

Question 27

in metal fabrication what 2 different types of miscellaneous

Answer 27

powder metallurgy - is a term covering a wide range of ways in which materials or components are made from metal powders.

welding - is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by using high heat to melt the parts together and allowing them to cool, causing fusion

Question 28

5 types of annealing

Answer 28

stress relief

full anneal

normalize

spheroidize

process anneal

Question 29

define annealing

Answer 29

heat (metal or glass) and allow it to cool slowly, in order to remove internal stresses and toughen it.

Question 30

stress relief annealing

Answer 30

Reduce

stresses resulting from:

• plastic deformation
• nonuniform cooling
• phase transform.

Question 31

Spoheroidize annealing

Answer 31

Spheroidize (steels):

Make very soft steel for

good machining. Heat just below T_eutectoid

& hold for 15-25h.

Question 32

full annealing

Answer 32

Make soft steels for good forming. Heat to get y, then furnace-cool

to obtain coarse pearlite.

Question 33

process annealing

Answer 33

Negate effects of cold working by (recovery/recrystallization)

Question 34

normalize annealing

Answer 34

Normalize (steels): Deform steel with large grains. Then heat-treat to allow recrystallization and formation of smaller grains.

Question 35

quenching

Answer 35

is the rapid cooling of a workpiece in water, oil, or air to obtain certain material properties.

Question 36

heat treatment temperature-time paths

Answer 36

Question 37

what is hardenability

Answer 37

is the depth to which a material is hardened after putting it through a heat-treatment process. It should not be confused with hardness, which is a measure of a sample’s resistance to indentation or scratching

Question 38

the reason why hardness changes with distance

Answer 38

Question 39

influences of quenching medium and specimen geometry

Answer 39

Question 40

what is a precipitation hardening?

Answer 40

also called age hardening or particle hardening is a heat treatment technique used to increase the yield strength of malleable materials, including most structural alloys of aluminum, magnesium, nickel, titanium, and some steels and stainless steels