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Material Science > Chapter 1 introduction > Flashcards

Chapter 1 introduction Flashcards

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1
Q

classification of materials

A

metals

ceramics

polymers

composites

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2
Q

advanced materials

A

semiconductors

biomaterials

smart materials

nanoengineered materials

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3
Q

examples of metals

A

steel

cast iro

aluminum

copper

titanium

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4
Q

alloy

A

metallic substance composed of two or more elements, as either a compound or a solution

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5
Q

some facts about metal

A
  • Along with Polymers The Most Common Everyday Material
  • Typically from the 1st Row of Transition Metals in Periodic

Table (Fe, Cu, Ni, etc.)

  • Have LARGE Numbers of NonBound Electrons
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6
Q

metals are good ____ and ____ conductors

A

metals are good Electrical & Thermal conductors

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7
Q

some properties of metal

A

Strong but Deformable (Ductile)

high thermal & electrical conductivity

opaque, reflective.

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8
Q

some examples of ceramics

A

Glass, Concrete, Brick, Alumina, Zirconia, SiN, SiC,

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9
Q

typical properties of ceramics

A
  • HARD & BRITTLE, GLASSY
  • HIGHEST Temperature Resistance
  • Little Temperature-SHOCK Resistance
  • Corrosion Resistant
  • Electrically Resistive, non-conductive (Insulative)
  • Difficult to Join
  • Do Not Weld
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10
Q

examples of polymers

A

Plastics, rayon, nylon, “glue”

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11
Q

typical properties of polymers

A
  • Very Light Weight, Low Density
  • Very Corrosion Resistant
  • Best of ANY Class of Material
  • Little, if any, Hi/Lo Temperature Resistance
  • Low Structural Strength
  • Very Deformable (ductile/flexible)
  • Lowest $-Cost: Volume Ratio for Any class of material
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12
Q

Composites

A

materials that consist of more than one material type

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13
Q

common composite examples

A

fiber glass = glass ( ceramic) + polymer [strength and flexibility]

reinforced concrete = steel + concrete [tension strength + compression strength]

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14
Q

semiconductors

A

are materials which have a conductivity between conductors (generally metals) and nonconductors or insulators (such as most ceramics).

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15
Q

SEMICONDUCTORS

May be made _________ or _________ (or Something

in-between) by the Addition of Miniscule Amounts of

IMPURITIES

A

SEMICONDUCTORS

May be made CONDUCTIVE or INSULATIVE (or Something

in-between) by the Addition of Miniscule Amounts of

IMPURITIES

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16
Q

Most SOLID STATE (no moving parts) Electronic

Devices are __________

A

Semiconductors

17
Q

Major applications for Semi conductor Transistors

A

Voltage Amplifiers

On/Off switches

18
Q

What are biomaterials

A

Defined as Those Materials Which Are compatible with Human Tissue

• Classic Example = Stainless Steels

used For Bone repair (Screws, Staples, Plates, Hip-Joints)

At least a few of ALL other Classes of Materials are BioCompatibIe

• Including Silicon

19
Q

What are smart materials

A

Smart Materials are Materials That Can Sense Changes in the

Environment and Respond with a Material Shape/Property

Change

20
Q

6 materials properties

A

mechanical

electrical

thermal

magnetic

optical

deteriorative

21
Q

* quick reference *

basic material properties

A
22
Q

density

A

is a measure of how heavy an object is for a given size, i.e. the mass of material per unit volume. Changes in temperature do not significantly affect the density of a material

23
Q

Tensile Strength

A

is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before failing or breaking.

24
Q

stiffness or elastic modulus

A

The Young’s Modulus (or Elastic Modulus) is in essence the stiffness of a material. In other words, it is how easy it is bent or stretched

25
Q

fracture toughness

A

is the critical stress intensity factor of a sharp crack where propagation of the crack suddenly becomes rapid and unlimited

26
Q

conductivity

A

the property or power of conducting heat, electricity, or sound.

27
Q

stress and saltwater causes

A

cracks

28
Q

heat treatment ___ crack speed in saltwater

A

heat treatment slows crack speed in saltwater

29
Q

Recrystallization

A

is a process by which deformed grains are replaced by a new set of nondeformed grains that nucleate and grow until the original grains have been entirely consumed.

30
Q

solute =

solvent =

A

solute = the minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent.

solvent = is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution.

31
Q

What are Thermal Properties of Materials

A

Thermal properties are those properties of a material which is related to its conductivity of heat. In other words, these are the properties that are exhibited by a material when the heat is passed through it.

32
Q

The major components of thermal properties are

A

Heat capacity

Thermal Expansion

Thermal conductivity

Thermal stress

33
Q

optical properties

A

The optical properties of a material define how it interacts with light.

34
Q

* quick reference *

optical properties

A
35
Q

magnetic properties

A

Magnetic properties refer to the response of a material to an applied magnetic field. Different materials react to the application of magnetic field differently.

36
Q

Summary of this chapter

A

Material Science (17 decks)

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