Chapter 1 introduction Flashcards

1
Q

classification of materials

A

metals

ceramics

polymers

composites

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2
Q

advanced materials

A

semiconductors

biomaterials

smart materials

nanoengineered materials

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3
Q

examples of metals

A

steel

cast iro

aluminum

copper

titanium

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4
Q

alloy

A

metallic substance composed of two or more elements, as either a compound or a solution

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5
Q

some facts about metal

A
  • Along with Polymers The Most Common Everyday Material
  • Typically from the 1st Row of Transition Metals in Periodic

Table (Fe, Cu, Ni, etc.)

  • Have LARGE Numbers of NonBound Electrons
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6
Q

metals are good ____ and ____ conductors

A

metals are good Electrical & Thermal conductors

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7
Q

some properties of metal

A

Strong but Deformable (Ductile)

high thermal & electrical conductivity

opaque, reflective.

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8
Q

some examples of ceramics

A

Glass, Concrete, Brick, Alumina, Zirconia, SiN, SiC,

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9
Q

typical properties of ceramics

A
  • HARD & BRITTLE, GLASSY
  • HIGHEST Temperature Resistance
  • Little Temperature-SHOCK Resistance
  • Corrosion Resistant
  • Electrically Resistive, non-conductive (Insulative)
  • Difficult to Join
  • Do Not Weld
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10
Q

examples of polymers

A

Plastics, rayon, nylon, “glue”

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11
Q

typical properties of polymers

A
  • Very Light Weight, Low Density
  • Very Corrosion Resistant
  • Best of ANY Class of Material
  • Little, if any, Hi/Lo Temperature Resistance
  • Low Structural Strength
  • Very Deformable (ductile/flexible)
  • Lowest $-Cost: Volume Ratio for Any class of material
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12
Q

Composites

A

materials that consist of more than one material type

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13
Q

common composite examples

A

fiber glass = glass ( ceramic) + polymer [strength and flexibility]

reinforced concrete = steel + concrete [tension strength + compression strength]

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14
Q

semiconductors

A

are materials which have a conductivity between conductors (generally metals) and nonconductors or insulators (such as most ceramics).

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15
Q

SEMICONDUCTORS

May be made _________ or _________ (or Something

in-between) by the Addition of Miniscule Amounts of

IMPURITIES

A

SEMICONDUCTORS

May be made CONDUCTIVE or INSULATIVE (or Something

in-between) by the Addition of Miniscule Amounts of

IMPURITIES

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16
Q

Most SOLID STATE (no moving parts) Electronic

Devices are __________

A

Semiconductors

17
Q

Major applications for Semi conductor Transistors

A

Voltage Amplifiers

On/Off switches

18
Q

What are biomaterials

A

Defined as Those Materials Which Are compatible with Human Tissue

• Classic Example = Stainless Steels

used For Bone repair (Screws, Staples, Plates, Hip-Joints)

At least a few of ALL other Classes of Materials are BioCompatibIe

• Including Silicon

19
Q

What are smart materials

A

Smart Materials are Materials That Can Sense Changes in the

Environment and Respond with a Material Shape/Property

Change

20
Q

6 materials properties

A

mechanical

electrical

thermal

magnetic

optical

deteriorative

21
Q

* quick reference *

basic material properties

22
Q

density

A

is a measure of how heavy an object is for a given size, i.e. the mass of material per unit volume. Changes in temperature do not significantly affect the density of a material

23
Q

Tensile Strength

A

is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before failing or breaking.

24
Q

stiffness or elastic modulus

A

The Young’s Modulus (or Elastic Modulus) is in essence the stiffness of a material. In other words, it is how easy it is bent or stretched

25
fracture toughness
is the critical stress intensity factor of a sharp crack where propagation of the crack suddenly becomes rapid and unlimited
26
conductivity
the property or power of conducting heat, electricity, or sound.
27
stress and saltwater causes
cracks
28
heat treatment ___ crack speed in saltwater
heat treatment **_slows_** crack speed in saltwater
29
Recrystallization
is a process by which deformed grains are replaced by a new set of nondeformed grains that nucleate and grow until the original grains have been entirely consumed.
30
solute = solvent =
solute = the minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent. solvent = is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution.
31
What are Thermal Properties of Materials
Thermal properties are those properties of a material which is related to its conductivity of heat. In other words, these are the properties that are exhibited by a material when the heat is passed through it.
32
The major components of thermal properties are
Heat capacity Thermal Expansion Thermal conductivity Thermal stress
33
optical properties
The optical properties of a material define how it interacts with light.
34
\* quick reference \* optical properties
35
magnetic properties
Magnetic properties refer to the response of a material to an applied magnetic field. Different materials react to the application of magnetic field differently.
36
**_Summary of this chapter_**