Chapter 6 - Masonry

Question 1

True or false: Masnoty construction is easy to design & build while being more economical than other methods

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What is the main use of load-bearing masonry walls?

Answer 2

Designed to carry the load of roofs and floors of the building

Question 3

What is the main use of non-load-bearing masonry walls?

Answer 3

Are used for interior partitions

Question 4

What is a Jack-arched roof? (ceiling)

Answer 4

It is when bricks are placed in an arched way between 2 beams to distribute the load equally

Question 5

What is a Troweled joint? Give types of it

Answer 5

Troweled Joint: formed by cutting off the excess mortar with a trowel and then compacting the joint with the tip of the trowel.
Types: Flush, Struck and Weather

Question 6

What is a Tooled joint? Give types of it

Answer 6

Tooled Joint: formed by using a special tool to compact and shape the mortar in the joint.
Types: Concave & Vee which are also the most water resistant

Question 7

What is a Raked joint?

Answer 7

Raked joints: are formed by removing a layer of mortar from the joint with a special tool

Question 8

What are the possible thicknesses for bricks?

Answer 8

Glazed brick & tile: ¼ in.
Unglazed ones: 3/8 in. to ½ in

Question 9

What is the procedure for laying a brick wall?

Answer 9

1. Lay the first course of brick without mortar to adjust for lengths
2. Set a brick in-mortar on each end and chalk line across the top
3. Lay up several courses on each end
4. Fill in between the ends

Question 10

What is the most common pattern bond in a facade of a building?

Answer 10

Running bond, used 95% of the time.

Question 11

Name all the bond types

Answer 11

Scarf with an E, SCERF.
* Common Bond
* Stack bond
* Running bond
* English bond
* Flemish bond

Question 12

How many layers there are to the masonry wall? What is the purpose of each layer? How are they connected?

Answer 12

There are 2 layers, interior and exterior that are connected by metal ties.
The interior wall carries the structural load
The exterior wall is there to improve: moisture, heat transfer, better isolation & fire resistance.

Question 13

When is reinforced brick masonry (RBM) used?

Answer 13

RBM is used when the flexural, compressive, & shear stresses exceed those permitted for unreinforced (or partially reinforced) masonry

Question 14

How long after mortar-cured grouting starts? What happens if the grouting starts when the mortar is not cured?

Answer 14

Grouting after at least 4 hrs. of mortar cured. If we grout before it cures we may disturb the tiles and seal the air mortar. (Usually between 2in < air space< 4 .5 inch)

Question 15

What are the lintel overlaps:

Answer 15

• 4in if the opening is < 6ft
• 6 in if 6 ft < opening < 9 ft
• 12 in for 9 ft < opening

Question 16

What are the steps to estimate the quantity of masonry?

Answer 16

1) Calculate the net surface area of the wall
2) Calculate the surface area of one brick as positioned (including mortar joint)
3) Divide the wall area by the surface area of one brick
4) Multiple this number by the number of wythes of wall thickness
5) Add an amount for waste (2% to 10%)

Question 17

How to calculate the mortar required?

Answer 17

𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑘 𝑐𝑢 𝑖𝑛. 𝑜𝑟 𝑚3 = (𝑡)(𝑊)(𝐿 + 𝐻 + 𝑡)

Where:
* t = joint thickness (in. or m)
* W = brick width/depth (in. or m)
* L = Brick Length (in. or m)
* H = Brick Height (in. or m)

• The mortar required per wythe = # of bricks x Volume per brick
  Total mortar required = 1.25 x (Mortar required per wythe x # of wythes + mortar in the space between the wythes)

Question 18

Describe the corner overlap and overlap area

Answer 18

The total width of the double wythe wall i.e. from the exterior working inwards: 1 brick width + mortar + 1 brick width.
Overlap area: Brick Length x Wall height

Question 19

Wind load on Fresh Masonry - last slide - memorize before the exam