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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 6-Lymphatic and Immune System > Flashcards

Chapter 6-Lymphatic and Immune System Flashcards

0
Q

How is lymph transported through the body?

A

In the lymphatic system, a passive circulatory system that begins with the intake of lymph into capillaries, then into vessels, into at least one lymph node then back into the circulatory system.

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1
Q

This is a thin plasma-like fluid formed from interstitial or extracellular fluid.

A

Lymph

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2
Q

Lymphatic vessels only carry fluid ______from the tissues

A

Away

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3
Q

This system helps absorb fat from the digestive tract, maintain fluid balance and fight infection.

A

Lymphatic System

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4
Q

The epithelial cells in this part of the lymphatic system contain one-way valves, and are present in all tissues except for the CNS, bone marrow, cartilage epidermis and cornea.

A

Lymphatic Capillaries

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5
Q

Lymph vessels have to pass through at least one _________ before entering the blood stream.

A

Lymph node

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6
Q

These are a type of white blood cells that help fight infection and provide immunity to certain types of infection.

A

Lymphocytes

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7
Q

This is a tissue with no clear boundary that blends with surrounding tissues and contain lymphocytes and other cells.

A

Diffuse Lymphatic Tissue

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8
Q

Denser arrangements of lymphoid tissue are called __________ and are found in the loose connective tissue of the digestive, respiratory and urinary systems. They can also be found in the lymph nodes and spleen.

A

Lymph nodules

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9
Q

3 major collections of lymph nodes are located where?

A

Axillary nodes (axilla), Cervical nodes (neck) and Inguinal nodes (groin).

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10
Q

Where is the spleen located?

A

LUQ

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11
Q

What are the two types of lymph tissue make up the spleen?

A

Red pulp and White pulp

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12
Q

This pulp is the associated with the venous drainage of the spleen

A

red pulp

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13
Q

this is the pulp associated with arterial drainage of the spleen

A

white pulp

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14
Q

Virtually all the blood in the body ________ the splenic tissue, where it is filtered and worn out blood cells, foreign substances and bacteria are removed.

A

Transverses

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15
Q

This is a triangular-shaped gland located posterior to the sternum in the superior mediastinum.

A

Thymus

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16
Q

This gland is quite large in infants and decreases in size with age

A

thymus

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17
Q

The thymus also produces __________which move to other lymph tissue to help fight infection.

A

lymphocytes

18
Q

This is an immune response that is predictable each time the body is exposed to a particular challenge or antigen.

A

Nonspecific Immunity

19
Q

This is an immune response to a given substance that is faster and stronger after each subsequent exposure

A

Specific Immunity

20
Q

What are the physical mechanisms, chemicals and various types of cells involved with nonspecific immunity?

A

Skin and mucous membranes act like physical barriers preventing the entry of many bacteria. Foreign matter is continuously being washed away with the assistance of tears, saliva, urine and mucous

21
Q

List some of the chemicals involved in the immune system that promote inflammation

A

Histamine, Kinins, Complement, Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, Pyrogens and Interferon

22
Q

What is the most important component of the immune system?

A

Leukocytes

23
Q

Large cells that act like “pac-man” are able to leave the bloodstream and enter diseased tissues, and are responsible for the later stages of fighting infection including the disposal of dead bacteria.

A

Macrophages

24
Q

These 3 cells are types of leukocytes that may play a role following infection of various areas in the body.

A

Basophils, Mast cells and Eosinophils

25
Q

What are the two types of specific immunity that exist in the body?

A

Antibody-mediated (humoral) immunity and Cell-mediated immunity

26
Q

IgG comprises __________ of total serum antibody and is responsible for numerous actions.

A

80% to 85%

27
Q

This is a reaction in which a pregnant mother with Rh negative blood is exposed to Rh positive fetal blood late in the pregnancy or during delivery and produces antibodies to Rh antigens that may enter the fetal circulation and destroy the fetus’ red blood cells.

A

Erythroblastosis Fetalis

28
Q

this type of immunity is achieved by the actions of T-cells

A

Cell-mediated immunity

29
Q

What are the responsibilities of T-cells

A

they carry out most cell-mediated immune functions like seeking and destroying foreign materials such as viruses, fungi and bacteria

30
Q

This type of immunity results when antibodies produced by the mother cross the placental barrier to provide protection against fetal infections

A

Genetic (or natural passive) Immunity

31
Q

This immunity develops in one’s lifetime and is a reaction in the body occurring as a result of natural exposure to invaders or from a deliberate exposure to an antigen

A

Acquired Immunity

32
Q

How is Tuberculosis spread and where is it most prevalent?

A

Via air droplets (coughing or sneezing), and in nursing homes, homeless shelters, prisons, hospitals, IV drug users and HIV + individuals

33
Q

The most frequent infectious diseases seen in prehospital care are _________and___________.

A

Hepatitis and Pneumonia

34
Q

What are common means of disease transmission?

A

airborne, body substance, injection and oral transmission

35
Q

_______cause most serious human infections, including TB, UTI, Pneumonia and plague.

A

Bacteria

36
Q

These contain RNA or DNA, and are cause for most common colds.

A

Viruses

37
Q

These are small, plant-like organisms that can cause tenia inguinalis, or valley fever.

A

Fungi

38
Q

These are single-celled animal-like microorganisms such as amoeba and plasmodium. Exposure to plasmodium can cause malaria

A

Protozoans

39
Q

These are unsegmented worms that are tapered at both ends. Causes anal itching.

A

Nematodes

40
Q

These are abnormal proteins, that were previously believed to be incapable of a free-living existence, but somehow survive independently and transmit disease like Mad Cow Disease.

A

Prions

41
Q

Certain body sites are normally colonized by various bacteria called _________, that help maintain homeostasis and is best known for the bacteria E Coli.

A

normal flora

42
Q

This means to spread to the lymph nodes, usually in cases of breast or colon cancer.

A

Metastasize

Anatomy and Physiology (12 decks)

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