Chapter 6-Lymphatic and Immune System

Question 0

How is lymph transported through the body?

Answer 0

In the lymphatic system, a passive circulatory system that begins with the intake of lymph into capillaries, then into vessels, into at least one lymph node then back into the circulatory system.

Question 1

This is a thin plasma-like fluid formed from interstitial or extracellular fluid.

Answer 1

Lymph

Question 2

Lymphatic vessels only carry fluid ______from the tissues

Answer 2

Away

Question 3

This system helps absorb fat from the digestive tract, maintain fluid balance and fight infection.

Answer 3

Lymphatic System

Question 4

The epithelial cells in this part of the lymphatic system contain one-way valves, and are present in all tissues except for the CNS, bone marrow, cartilage epidermis and cornea.

Answer 4

Lymphatic Capillaries

Question 5

Lymph vessels have to pass through at least one _________ before entering the blood stream.

Answer 5

Lymph node

Question 6

These are a type of white blood cells that help fight infection and provide immunity to certain types of infection.

Answer 6

Lymphocytes

Question 7

This is a tissue with no clear boundary that blends with surrounding tissues and contain lymphocytes and other cells.

Answer 7

Diffuse Lymphatic Tissue

Question 8

Denser arrangements of lymphoid tissue are called __________ and are found in the loose connective tissue of the digestive, respiratory and urinary systems. They can also be found in the lymph nodes and spleen.

Answer 8

Lymph nodules

Question 9

3 major collections of lymph nodes are located where?

Answer 9

Axillary nodes (axilla), Cervical nodes (neck) and Inguinal nodes (groin).

Question 10

Where is the spleen located?

Answer 10

LUQ

Question 11

What are the two types of lymph tissue make up the spleen?

Answer 11

Red pulp and White pulp

Question 12

This pulp is the associated with the venous drainage of the spleen

Answer 12

red pulp

Question 13

this is the pulp associated with arterial drainage of the spleen

Answer 13

white pulp

Question 14

Virtually all the blood in the body ________ the splenic tissue, where it is filtered and worn out blood cells, foreign substances and bacteria are removed.

Answer 14

Transverses

Question 15

This is a triangular-shaped gland located posterior to the sternum in the superior mediastinum.

Answer 15

Thymus

Question 16

This gland is quite large in infants and decreases in size with age

Answer 16

thymus

Question 17

The thymus also produces __________which move to other lymph tissue to help fight infection.

Answer 17

lymphocytes

Question 18

This is an immune response that is predictable each time the body is exposed to a particular challenge or antigen.

Answer 18

Nonspecific Immunity

Question 19

This is an immune response to a given substance that is faster and stronger after each subsequent exposure

Answer 19

Specific Immunity

Question 20

What are the physical mechanisms, chemicals and various types of cells involved with nonspecific immunity?

Answer 20

Skin and mucous membranes act like physical barriers preventing the entry of many bacteria. Foreign matter is continuously being washed away with the assistance of tears, saliva, urine and mucous

Question 21

List some of the chemicals involved in the immune system that promote inflammation

Answer 21

Histamine, Kinins, Complement, Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, Pyrogens and Interferon

Question 22

What is the most important component of the immune system?

Answer 22

Leukocytes

Question 23

Large cells that act like “pac-man” are able to leave the bloodstream and enter diseased tissues, and are responsible for the later stages of fighting infection including the disposal of dead bacteria.

Answer 23

Macrophages

Question 24

These 3 cells are types of leukocytes that may play a role following infection of various areas in the body.

Answer 24

Basophils, Mast cells and Eosinophils

Question 25

What are the two types of specific immunity that exist in the body?

Answer 25

Antibody-mediated (humoral) immunity and Cell-mediated immunity

Question 26

IgG comprises __________ of total serum antibody and is responsible for numerous actions.

Answer 26

80% to 85%

Question 27

This is a reaction in which a pregnant mother with Rh negative blood is exposed to Rh positive fetal blood late in the pregnancy or during delivery and produces antibodies to Rh antigens that may enter the fetal circulation and destroy the fetus' red blood cells.

Answer 27

Erythroblastosis Fetalis

Question 28

this type of immunity is achieved by the actions of T-cells

Answer 28

Cell-mediated immunity

Question 29

What are the responsibilities of T-cells

Answer 29

they carry out most cell-mediated immune functions like seeking and destroying foreign materials such as viruses, fungi and bacteria

Question 30

This type of immunity results when antibodies produced by the mother cross the placental barrier to provide protection against fetal infections

Answer 30

Genetic (or natural passive) Immunity

Question 31

This immunity develops in one's lifetime and is a reaction in the body occurring as a result of natural exposure to invaders or from a deliberate exposure to an antigen

Answer 31

Acquired Immunity

Question 32

How is Tuberculosis spread and where is it most prevalent?

Answer 32

Via air droplets (coughing or sneezing), and in nursing homes, homeless shelters, prisons, hospitals, IV drug users and HIV + individuals

Question 33

The most frequent infectious diseases seen in prehospital care are _________and___________.

Answer 33

Hepatitis and Pneumonia

Question 34

What are common means of disease transmission?

Answer 34

airborne, body substance, injection and oral transmission

Question 35

_______cause most serious human infections, including TB, UTI, Pneumonia and plague.

Answer 35

Bacteria

Question 36

These contain RNA or DNA, and are cause for most common colds.

Answer 36

Viruses

Question 37

These are small, plant-like organisms that can cause tenia inguinalis, or valley fever.

Answer 37

Fungi

Question 38

These are single-celled animal-like microorganisms such as amoeba and plasmodium. Exposure to plasmodium can cause malaria

Answer 38

Protozoans

Question 39

These are unsegmented worms that are tapered at both ends. Causes anal itching.

Answer 39

Nematodes

Question 40

These are abnormal proteins, that were previously believed to be incapable of a free-living existence, but somehow survive independently and transmit disease like Mad Cow Disease.

Answer 40

Prions

Question 41

Certain body sites are normally colonized by various bacteria called _________, that help maintain homeostasis and is best known for the bacteria E Coli.

Answer 41

normal flora

Question 42

This means to spread to the lymph nodes, usually in cases of breast or colon cancer.

Answer 42

Metastasize