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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 3-Skeletal Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 3-Skeletal Tissue Flashcards

0
Q

Dense white connective tissue that are continuous with the periosteum. They connect muscle to bones.

A

Tendons

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1
Q

This is a viscous joint fluid that is secreted by the synovial membrane in an articulation to provided a slippery surface over which the bones may move freely.

A

Synovial Fluid

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2
Q

Bones consist of this mineral, that is a combination of calcium and phosphate.

A

Hydroxyapatite

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3
Q

These fibers in the bone act as reinforcing rods that lend flexible strength to the bone

A

Collagen

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4
Q

These hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary and works with the thyroid hormones to control normal growth.

A

Growth hormones

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5
Q

These cells produce bone tissue.

A

Osteoblasts

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6
Q

Bony matrix (connective tissue) that surrounds an osteoblast is called what?

A

Osteocyte

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7
Q

These are large multinucleated cells that dissolve bone tissue.

A

Osteoclasts

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8
Q

These bones include the femur, fibula, tibia, ulna, radius and humerus. They are also longer than they are wide.

A

Long bones

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9
Q

These bones are approximately as broad as they are long. They include the bones of the wrist or ankle.

A

Short bones

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10
Q

Certain skull bones, ribs, sternum and scapulae are types of these bones.

A

Flat bones

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11
Q

The shaft of the long bone is also called the _____.

A

Diaphysis

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12
Q

The ends of the diaphysis is the ________.

A

Epiphyses

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13
Q

The growth plate at the end of the long bones is called?

A

Epiphyseal plate

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14
Q

The epiphyseal plate fuses to the diaphysis to form ______, the region where they converge.

A

Metaphysis

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15
Q

This type of bone is mostly solid with few spaces.

A

Compact bone

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16
Q

This type of bone consists of a lacy network of bony rods called ______.

A

Cancellous; trabeculae

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17
Q

Appositional growth is what?

A

The formation of new bone on the surface of a bone

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18
Q

Endochondral growth is?

A

The growth of cartilage in the epiphyseal plate and is eventually replaced by bone.

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19
Q

Incomplete fracture in which the bone is bent and only the outer arc of the bend is broken.

A

Greenstick Fracture

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20
Q

A fracture straight across the shaft of the bone.

A

Transverse fracture.

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21
Q

Fracture at the angle to the shaft of a bone

A

Oblique fracture

22
Q

Fracture that twists around the shaft of a bone (most evident in cases of child or elder abuse).

A

Spiral Fracture.

23
Q

A fracture in which one fragmented bone end is wedged into the other fragmented end.

A

Impacted Fracture

24
Q

A fracture in which the bone collapses.

A

Compression fracture

25
Q

How many bones are in the skull?

A

28

26
Q

The skull is divided into 3 anatomical groups. What are they?

A

Auditory ossicles, Cranium and the Face

27
Q

The spinal cord passes through which opening?

A

Foramen Magnum

28
Q

The auditory ossicles consist of which 3 bones?

A

Malleus, incus and stapes

29
Q

This is the point of attachment of the meninges.

A

Crista Galli

30
Q

What is the olfactory bulb?

A

Cranial nerve for smell, and sends projections through the nasal cavity.

31
Q

The pituitary gland resides in this area

A

Sella Turcica

32
Q

This is the point of articulation between the skull and vertebral column

A

Occipital Condyles

33
Q

What is a blowout fracture?

A

Fracture to the floor of the orbit, resulting in blood and fat leaking into the maxillary sinus.

34
Q

The posterior condyle of the mandible articulates with the temporal bone at what point?

A

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

35
Q

This fills the center of the tooth and contains blood vessels, nerves and specialized connective tissue.

A

Pulp

36
Q

How many bones make up the vertebral column?

A

33

37
Q

The mass of fibrocartilage consisting of an exterior fibrous ring and the internal gelatinous between each vertebral body is called the _________.

A

Intervertebral Disk

38
Q

This vertebra provides support for the head and is directly inferior to the skull.

A

C-1, or Atlas

39
Q

The atlas articulates with the occipital condyles at the base of the skull at what joint?

A

atlanto-occipital joint

40
Q

As part of the vertebrae, this process is the sight of muscle attachment.

A

Transverse process

41
Q

This large offshoot of the C2 allows the atlas to rotate around its axis enabling lateral rotation of the skull.

A

The dens, or odontoid process

42
Q

These ribs articulate with the thoracic vertebrae and attach directly to the sternum.

A

The upper 7 ribs called the true ribs.

43
Q

The sternum consists of these 3 parts:

A

Manubrium, elongated body, xiphoid process

44
Q

The head of the humerus articulates with the shoulder via the _______.

A

Glenoid fossa.

45
Q

The clavicle attaches to the acromion process at the _________ joint where it is held in place by the acromioclavicular, coracoacromial, trapezoid and conoid ligaments.

A

Acromioclavicular Joint (AC Joint).

46
Q

This bone articulates proximally with the glenoid fossa and distally to the radius and ulna at the elbow joint.

A

Humerus

47
Q

The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is a ____________.

A

Saddle joint

48
Q

The pelvis contains these 3 joints:

A

2 posterior sacroiliac joints and the inferior midline pubis symphysis

49
Q

What is the opening between the ischium and pubis that contains several important nerves and muscles?

A

Obturator foramen

50
Q

This ball and socket joint connects the pelvic girdle with the lower extremities.

A

Acetabulum

51
Q

What is the medial malleolus?

A

Forms the medial side of the ankle joint and lies at the distal end of the tibia.

52
Q

What is the lateral malleolus?

A

Lateral aspect of the ankle at the distal end of the fibula..

Anatomy and Physiology (12 decks)

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