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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 8-Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 8-Nervous System Flashcards

0
Q

Myelinated nerves are surrounded by a myelin sheath manufactured by a form of nervous tissue called?

A

Schwann cells

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1
Q

These provide a supporting skeleton for neural tissue, isolate and protect the cell membranes of neurons.

A

Neuroglia

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2
Q

Between the nerve cells lies a gap called the?

A

Synapse

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3
Q

Neurotransmitters are released from this site.

A

Presynaptic terminal

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4
Q

Neurotransmitters are contained within ___________, before they are released into the synaptic cleft.

A

Synaptic Vesicles

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5
Q

The CNS includes how many cranial nerves?

A

12

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6
Q

10 nerves exit the brain, what 2 nerves do not?

A

olfactory and optic nerves

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7
Q

What makes up the brain stem

A

Midbrain, pons and medulla

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8
Q

This lobe is important in voluntary motor action, as well as personality traits.

A

Frontal lobe

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9
Q

This lobe is the site for reception and evaluation of some sensory information, excluding smell, hearing and vision

A

Parietal lobe

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10
Q

This lobe sits posteriorly, and is responsible for the processing of visual information.

A

Occipital lobe

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11
Q

This lobe plays an important role in hearing and memory.

A

Temporal lobe

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12
Q

This part of the brain stem continues inferiorly with the spinal cord

A

Medulla

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13
Q

Where do the meninges attach to?

A

Crista Galli

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14
Q

The entire CNS is enclosed by a set of three tough membranes known as?

A

Meninges

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15
Q

The meninges float in the ___________, which is manufactured in the ventricles of the brain.

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

16
Q

The spinal cord extends to the level of _____________.

A

2nd Lumbar Vertebrae

17
Q

At the point of the 2nd lumbar vertebrae, the spinal cord gives rise to numerous individual nerve roots called __________.

A

Cauda Equina

18
Q

These fibers carry sensory information from the periphery back to the brain.

A

Ascending Fibers (afferent tracts)

19
Q

These fibers carry motor impulses from the brain to the periphery via the PNS

A

Descending Fibers (Efferent Tracts)

20
Q

These nerves arise from the spinal cord and from numerous small nerves called rootlets.

A

Spinal Nerves

21
Q

With the exception of the first pair of spinal nerves and those in the sacrum, the remaining spinal nerves exit the vertebral column through openings between the vertebras called?

A

Intervertebral Foramen

22
Q

This is the area of skin supplied by a given pair of spinal sensory nerves

A

Dermatome

23
Q

C1-C4 vertebrae are part of this plexus, which also innervates the diaphragm via the phrenic nerve.

A

Cervical Plexus

24
Q

The brachial plexus consists of what vertebrae?

A

C5-T1

25
Q

The tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve combine to form the largest peripheral nerve in the body, which is?

A

Sciatic Nerve

26
Q

Bells Palsy results from what nerve?

A

VII Facial nerve

27
Q

What is the sympathetic pathway and what are some body characteristics associated with it?

A

Body’s response to stress and shock. Release of adrenaline from the adrenal glands, shunting blood from extremities, increasing HR, RR and BP, dilation of eyes and reduction in digestive system activity are all characteristics of the sympathetic response

28
Q

What is the Parasympathetic Nervous system and what responses are associated with it?

A

Relaxes the body, lowering RR, BP, and HR, constricts pupils and increases digestive system activity

29
Q

Adrenergic Receptors are classified into two structural and functional categories, what are they?

A

Alpha and beta receptors

30
Q

This binds to both alpha and beta receptors but has a greater affinity for alpha receptors. It is a neurotransmitter released via the brain in sympathetic responses of the body.

A

Norepinephrine

31
Q

This is the primary type of stimulation in the heart.

A

Beta-1 fibers

32
Q

This type of stimulation results in enhancement of myocardial cell contraction and increased heart rate.

A

Beta-1

33
Q

Beta-2 stimulation primarily affects what parts of the body?

A

Lungs, causing bronchodilation

34
Q

This stimulation occurs mainly in the peripheral blood vessels, causing vasocontrictions.

A

Alpha-1

35
Q

This stimulation has variable effects in the brain.

A

Alpha-2

Anatomy and Physiology (12 decks)

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