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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 2-Cells > Flashcards

Chapter 2-Cells Flashcards

0
Q

This is the study of body functions in an abnormal state.

A

Pathophysiology

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1
Q

This is the study of the functions of living organisms.

A

Physiology

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2
Q

Viscous liquid matrix that supports all intracellular organelles

A

Protoplasm or Cytoplasm

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3
Q

These periodically interrupt the lipid bilayer and serve as transport, signal receptors, doorways and ion channels.

A

Proteins

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4
Q

Allows normal differences in concentrations between intracellular and extracellular environments to be maintained.

A

Selective permeability

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5
Q

Maintenance of a stable internal physiological environment, which includes temperature, fluid balance and pH balance.

A

Homeostasis

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6
Q

Movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration to produce an even distribution of particles in the space available.

A

Diffusion

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7
Q

The difference in concentrations of the substance on either side of a membrane.

A

The concentration gradient

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8
Q

Movement of a solvent such as water from a lower concentration area to a higher one.

A

Osmosis

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9
Q

Happens when too much water exits the cell during osmosis, resulting in shrinkage.

A

Crenation

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10
Q

Happens when too much water enters the cell during osmosis, causing it to burst.

A

Lysis

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11
Q

Process in which a carrier molecule moves substances in our out of cells from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. Energy is not required The number of molecules transported is directly proportional to the concentration.

A

Facilitated Diffusion

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12
Q

Movement of a substance against a concentration gradient and requires energy. Glucose and amino acids are absorbed via this.

A

Active Transport

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13
Q

Process of the movement of water out of plasma across the capillary membrane in the interstitial space. Hydrostatic pressure and Oncotic force work together to create homeostasis.

A

Filtration

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14
Q

Uptake of material into the cell via vesicles that form within the protoplasm.

A

Endocytosis

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15
Q

Release of secretions and waste from the cell.

A

Exocytosis

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16
Q

Happens during endocytosis and involves “eating” solid particles.

A

Phagocytosis

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17
Q

Happens during endocytosis and is often called “cell drinking”

A

Pinocytosis

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18
Q

Part of the cell that contains DNA

A

Nucleus

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19
Q

The organelle that contains RNA and proteins

A

Ribosomes

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20
Q

Set of membranes that are associated with the formation of carbohydrates and complex protein molecules.

A

Golgi Complex

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21
Q

This organelle produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and serves as the metabolic center of the cell.

A

Mitochondria

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22
Q

Division of one cell into two identical and equal “daughter” cells containing 46 chromosomes each (diploid number).

A

Mitosis

23
Q

Only with sex cells, its the cell division that has the end result of 4 haploid number (23) daughter cells.

A

Meoisis

24
Q

This is a noncellular layer that secures the overlying tissues.

A

Basement membrane

25
Q

These are flat sheets of cells that are all attached to the basement membrane. An example would be in the kidneys.

A

Squamous

26
Q

Rows of squared shaped epithelial cells. Examples would be in the ovaries.

A

Cuboidal Tissue

27
Q

Rows of tall, thin epithelial cells that vary in heights but all are attached to the basement membrane. Examples would be trachea, or other parts of the respiratory system.

A

Columnar tissue

28
Q

This type of muscle is striated and voluntary.

A

Skeletal Muscle

29
Q

This type of muscle is striated and involuntary.

A

Cardiac Muscle

30
Q

This type of muscle is non-striated and involuntary

A

Smooth Muscle

31
Q

Main conducting cells of the nerve tissue and include the nucleus and is the site of most cellular functions.

A

Neurons

32
Q

These receive electrical impulses from the axons of other nerve cells and conduct them toward the cell body. You can also have multiple of these per axon.

A

Dendrites

33
Q

Typically conduct electrical impulses away from the cell body. Each neuron can only have 1 of these.

A

Axons

34
Q

Largest organ in the body. It preserves heat, prevents fluid loss and protects against invasion of the body’s surface.

A

Skin

35
Q

The skeletal system is composed of how many bones?

A

206

36
Q

The point where 2 or more bones come together allowing movement to occur

A

Joint

37
Q

Shiny connective tissue that is lubricated by synovial fluid, and aids in the movement of joints.

A

Cartilage

38
Q

Tough white bands of tissue that bind joints together connecting bone to bone and bone to cartilage.

A

Ligaments

39
Q

Specialized cords or bands of dense white connective tissues that connect muscles to bones.

A

Tendons

40
Q

This body region includes the extremities and their associated girdles. Includes the axilla, antecubital fossa, and popliteal fossa.

A

Appendicular region

41
Q

This region consists of the head, neck and trunk

A

Axial region

42
Q

Meninges include these 3 layers

A

Dura mater, Arachnoid layer, Pia mater

43
Q

This triangle is bounded by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, anterior midline of the neck, and inferior border of the mandible.

A

Anterior triangle

44
Q

This triangle lies within the anterior triangle and contains the carotid artery and internal jugular vein.

A

Carotid Triangle

45
Q

This triangle runs from the posterior portion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle to the posterior midline of the neck and the base of the skull. Contains numerous lymph nodes, brachial plexus, spinal accessory nerve and a portion of the subclavian artery.

A

Posterior Triangle

46
Q

Cavities of the trunk are lined by this thin connective tissue.

A

Serous Membrane

47
Q

This portion of the serous membrane lines the wall of the cavity.

A

Parietal portion

48
Q

This portion of the cavity covers the internal organs.

A

visceral portion

49
Q

The lining surrounding the lungs is called what?

A

Visceral pleura

50
Q

The membrane lining the cavity of the lungs is called what?

A

Parietal pleura

51
Q

This is the large space between the lungs that holds the heart, major large blood vessels, part of the esophagus, trachea and the mainstem bronchi.

A

Mediastinum

52
Q

The abdominal cavity is lined with a serous membrane known as the what?

A

The peritoneum

53
Q

Abdominal organs are attached to the abd wall and receive their blood supply through a membranous double fold of tissue known as?

A

Mesentery

54
Q

This space is the area located posterior to the parietal peritoneum and includes the Pancreas, Kidneys, Duodenum and other major blood vessels.

A

Retroperitoneal space

Anatomy and Physiology (12 decks)

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