chapter 6 (LSD and hallucinogens)

Question 1

lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

Answer 1

synthetic, serotonin-related hallucinogenic drug.

Question 2

hallucinogens

Answer 2

class of drugs producing distortions in perception and body image at moderate doses.

Question 3

ergot

Answer 3

fungus infecting rye and other grains. LSD is synthesized from it.

Question 4

ergotism

Answer 4

physical and/or psychological disorder acquired by ingesting ergot-infected grains. one form involves gangrene and eventual loss of limbs; the other form is associated with convulsions, disordered thinking, and hallucinations.

Question 5

synesthesia

Answer 5

subjective sensation in a modality other than the one being stimulated. ex: visual experience when sound heard.

Question 6

microdosing

Answer 6

consumption of sub-hallucinogenic amounts of LSD/psilocybin with intent to improve mood, well-being, and energy.

Question 7

meta-analysis

Answer 7

method that combines and analyzes results from different studies to look for a general effect of a treatment.

Question 8

psilocybin

Answer 8

serotonin-related hallucinogenic drug originating from some species of psychoactive mushrooms.

Question 9

psilocin

Answer 9

active ingredient that is enzymatically converted from psilocybin. serotonin receptor agonist.

Question 10

lysergic acid amide (LAA)

Answer 10

hallucinogenic drug found in morning glory seeds, producing effects similar to LSD. less potent.

Question 11

dimethyltryptamine (DMT)

Answer 11

short-acting serotonin-like hallucinogenic drug.

Question 12

bufotenine

Answer 12

serotonin-related drug obtained either from a bean plant in central and south america or from the skin of a particular type of toad.

Question 13

cyanosis

Answer 13

tendency for skin to turn bluish purple when cut off from oxygen. can be side effect of bufotenine.

Question 14

harmine

Answer 14

serotonin-related hallucinogenic drug frequently used by south american shamans in healing rituals. drink containing harmine is called ayahuasca.

Question 15

mescaline

Answer 15

norepinephrine-related hallucinogenic drug that comes from the peyote cactus.

Question 15

peyote

Answer 15

species of cactus that is source of mescaline.

Question 16

DOM

Answer 16

synthetic norepinephrine-related hallucinogenic drug, derived from amphetamine. DOM, or a combination of DOM and LSD, often referred to by the street name STP.

Question 17

MDMA (ecstasy)

Answer 17

synthetic norepinephrine-related hallucinogenic drug that is commonly used at dance clubs and raves. MDMA blocks the serotonin transporter, which can produce mild hallucinogenic effects.

Question 18

entactogen

Answer 18

drug that produces increased emotional perception of internal and external events. usual feelings include increased empathy and emotional closeness to others. ex: MDMA.

Question 19

atropine

Answer 19

anticholinergic drug derived from the atropa belladonna plant. antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. lethal at low doses.

Question 20

scopolamine (hyoscine, levo-duboisine)

Answer 20

anticholinergic hallucinogenic drug. antagonist at M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.

Question 21

hyoscyamine (daturine)

Answer 21

antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors that is found in mandrake, henbane, and various speicies of the datura plant.

Question 22

atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade)

Answer 22

plant species whose berries can be highly toxic. principal source of atropine.

Question 23

mandrake

Answer 23

potato-like plant containing anticholinergic hallucinogenic drugs atropine, scopolamine, and hyoscyamine. depressant at low doses.

Question 24

henbane

Answer 24

herb containing anticholinergic hallucinogenic drugs scopolamine and hyoscyamine.

Question 25

datura stramonium (jimsonweed)

Answer 25

species of datura family of plants with hallucinogenic properties because they contain atropine, scopolamine, and hyoscyamine.

Question 26

amanita muscaria

Answer 26

species of mushroom containing hallucinogenic drugs ibotenic acid and muscimol. red cap w white dots. can be lethal.

Question 27

muscimol

Answer 27

selective GABA A receptor agonist that causes a sedative/hypnotic effect. is active ingredient in amanita muscaria mushrooms.

Question 28

ibotenic acid

Answer 28

found in amanita muscaria mushrooms, this compound is most commonly used for research purposes. is an excitatory neurotoxin that acts on NMDA receptors.

Question 29

phencyclidine (PCP)

Answer 29

dissociative anaesthetic hallucinogen that produces disorientation, agitation, aggressive behaviour, analgesia, and amnesia. has various street names, including angel dust.

Question 30

ketamine

Answer 30

dissociative anaesthetic hallucinogen related to phencyclidine (PCP).

Question 31

salvia divinorum

Answer 31

mexican leafy herb with short-duration hallucinogenic effects.

Question 32

salvinorin-A

Answer 32

active ingredient in salvia that is considered a dissociative hallucinogen and is an agonist at kappa opioid receptors.