chapter 6 (LSD and hallucinogens) Flashcards
lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
synthetic, serotonin-related hallucinogenic drug.
hallucinogens
class of drugs producing distortions in perception and body image at moderate doses.
ergot
fungus infecting rye and other grains. LSD is synthesized from it.
ergotism
physical and/or psychological disorder acquired by ingesting ergot-infected grains. one form involves gangrene and eventual loss of limbs; the other form is associated with convulsions, disordered thinking, and hallucinations.
synesthesia
subjective sensation in a modality other than the one being stimulated. ex: visual experience when sound heard.
microdosing
consumption of sub-hallucinogenic amounts of LSD/psilocybin with intent to improve mood, well-being, and energy.
meta-analysis
method that combines and analyzes results from different studies to look for a general effect of a treatment.
psilocybin
serotonin-related hallucinogenic drug originating from some species of psychoactive mushrooms.
psilocin
active ingredient that is enzymatically converted from psilocybin. serotonin receptor agonist.
lysergic acid amide (LAA)
hallucinogenic drug found in morning glory seeds, producing effects similar to LSD. less potent.
dimethyltryptamine (DMT)
short-acting serotonin-like hallucinogenic drug.
bufotenine
serotonin-related drug obtained either from a bean plant in central and south america or from the skin of a particular type of toad.
cyanosis
tendency for skin to turn bluish purple when cut off from oxygen. can be side effect of bufotenine.
harmine
serotonin-related hallucinogenic drug frequently used by south american shamans in healing rituals. drink containing harmine is called ayahuasca.
mescaline
norepinephrine-related hallucinogenic drug that comes from the peyote cactus.
peyote
species of cactus that is source of mescaline.
DOM
synthetic norepinephrine-related hallucinogenic drug, derived from amphetamine. DOM, or a combination of DOM and LSD, often referred to by the street name STP.
MDMA (ecstasy)
synthetic norepinephrine-related hallucinogenic drug that is commonly used at dance clubs and raves. MDMA blocks the serotonin transporter, which can produce mild hallucinogenic effects.
entactogen
drug that produces increased emotional perception of internal and external events. usual feelings include increased empathy and emotional closeness to others. ex: MDMA.
atropine
anticholinergic drug derived from the atropa belladonna plant. antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. lethal at low doses.
scopolamine (hyoscine, levo-duboisine)
anticholinergic hallucinogenic drug. antagonist at M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
hyoscyamine (daturine)
antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors that is found in mandrake, henbane, and various speicies of the datura plant.
atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade)
plant species whose berries can be highly toxic. principal source of atropine.
mandrake
potato-like plant containing anticholinergic hallucinogenic drugs atropine, scopolamine, and hyoscyamine. depressant at low doses.
henbane
herb containing anticholinergic hallucinogenic drugs scopolamine and hyoscyamine.
datura stramonium (jimsonweed)
species of datura family of plants with hallucinogenic properties because they contain atropine, scopolamine, and hyoscyamine.
amanita muscaria
species of mushroom containing hallucinogenic drugs ibotenic acid and muscimol. red cap w white dots. can be lethal.
muscimol
selective GABA A receptor agonist that causes a sedative/hypnotic effect. is active ingredient in amanita muscaria mushrooms.
ibotenic acid
found in amanita muscaria mushrooms, this compound is most commonly used for research purposes. is an excitatory neurotoxin that acts on NMDA receptors.
phencyclidine (PCP)
dissociative anaesthetic hallucinogen that produces disorientation, agitation, aggressive behaviour, analgesia, and amnesia. has various street names, including angel dust.
ketamine
dissociative anaesthetic hallucinogen related to phencyclidine (PCP).
salvia divinorum
mexican leafy herb with short-duration hallucinogenic effects.
salvinorin-A
active ingredient in salvia that is considered a dissociative hallucinogen and is an agonist at kappa opioid receptors.
