chapter 2 (personal and social issues)

Question 1

toxicity

Answer 1

physical or psychological harm that a drug might present to the user.

Question 2

dose

Answer 2

the quantity of drug taken into the body. usually measured in milligrams (mg) or micrograms (μg.)

Question 3

acute toxicity

Answer 3

physical or psychological harm a drug might present to the user immediately or soon after drug is ingested in body.

Question 4

dose response curve

Answer 4

s-shaped graph showing the biological or behavioural response due to specific concentrations/doses of drug.

Question 5

effective dose (ed)

Answer 5

minimal dose of particular drug necessary to produce the intended drug effect in given percentage of population.

Question 6

lethal dose (ld)

Answer 6

minimal dose of particular drug capable of producing death in a given percentage of he animal population studied. may overlap with ed response curve.

Question 7

therapeutic index

Answer 7

measure of drug’s relative safety for use. computed as the ratio of the lethal/toxic dose for 50% of population to effective dose for 50% population. higher index number = safer drug. (LD50 : ED50)

Question 8

toxic dose (td)

Answer 8

minimal dose of particular drug capable of producing toxicity in a given percentage of humans.

Question 9

margin of safety

Answer 9

ratio of lethal dose for 1% population to effective dose for 99% of population. (LD1 : ED99). higher ratio = greater safety.

Question 10

canadian centre on substance abuse (CCSA)

Answer 10

federal program to initiate leadership and solutions to canada’s alcohol and drug related issues. collects stats.

Question 11

drug-related ED visit

Answer 11

occasion o which a person visits an emergency department for purpose related to recent drug use.

Question 12

polydrug use

Answer 12

drug-taking behaviour involving multiple drugs.

Question 13

DAWN statistics

Answer 13

drug abuse warning network (DAWN) compiles data on drug-related er visits and deaths in public hospitals.

Question 14

chronic toxicity

Answer 14

physical or psychological harm a drug might cause over a long period of use.

Question 15

tolerance

Answer 15

capacity of a drug to produce a gradually diminished physical or psychological effect upon repeated administrations of drug at same dose level.

Question 16

behavioural (conditioned) tolerance

Answer 16

process of drug tolerance that is linked to drug-taking behaviour occurring consistently in the same surroundings or under the same circumstances.

Question 17

physical dependence

Answer 17

model of drug dependence based on idea that the drug abuser continues the drug-taking behaviour to avoid consequences of physical withdrawal symptoms.

Question 18

psychological dependence

Answer 18

model of drug dependence based on idea that drug abuser is motivated by a craving for pleasurable effects of drug.

Question 19

catheter

Answer 19

device to deliver IV injections of drug in free-moving animal or human.

Question 20

ventral tegmented area

Answer 20

area in midbrain that contains many dopamine-releasing neurons. very important brain area related to addictive nature of drugs. reward centre.

Question 21

substance abuse

Answer 21

diagnostic term is DSM-4-TR to identify individuals who continue to take psychoactive drugs despite the fact that the drug-taking behaviour creates problems for the individual. OLD.

Question 22

substance dependence

Answer 22

diagnostic term in DSM-4-TR to identify individuals with significant signs of dependent relationship with a psychoactive drug. OLD.

Question 23

substance use disorder

Answer 23

diagnostic term in DSM-5 to identify individuals with significant problems associated with some form of drug-taking behaviour.

Question 24

needle exchange program (NEP)

Answer 24

program that allows IV drug users access to clean needles to help prevent transmission of HIV. harm reduction ♡ can reduce new cases of HIV infection by 1/3!

Question 25

pharmacological violence

Answer 25

violent acts committed while under the influence of a particular psychoactive drug, with implication that drug caused the violence to occur.

Question 26

economically compulsive violence

Answer 26

violent acts committed by drug abuser to secure money to buy drugs.

Question 27

laissez-faire

Answer 27

philosophy of exerting as little gov’t control and regulation as possible.

Question 28

drug licence

Answer 28

federal contract that allows a company to fabricate, package, label, distribute, import, wholesale, or test a new drug.

Question 29

analogue

Answer 29

descriptive term in controlled drugs and substances act that refers to a substance that has a substantially similar chemical structure to a scheduled drug.