chapter 12 (steroids & sports drug testing) Flashcards
ergogenic
performance-enhancing. wanted side effect of steroids.
androgenic
acting to promote masculinizing changes in the body.
anabolic
acting to promote growth and muscle development.
anabolic-androgenic steroids
drugs that promote masculinizing changes in the body and increase muscle development.
anabolic steroids
drugs patterned after the testosterone molecule that promote masculine changes in the body and increased muscle development. can never fully get rid of androgenic effects.
androgen receptor
receptor that androgen binds to. type of nuclear receptor. in cytoplasm of cell.
nuclear receptor
receptors that can, when activated, directly bind to dna in the nucleus and alter the production of proteins.
adrenocortical steroids
group of hormones secreted by the adrenal glands. anti-inflammatory action makes them useful for treating arthritis and muscle injuries. catabolic (downward-changing) effects on muscle— weakening effect.
gynecomastia
an enlargement of the breasts.
priaprism
condition marked by persistent and frequently painful penile erections.
muscle dysmorphia
the perception of one’s own body as small and weak and os one’s musculature as inadequately developed, despite evidence to the contrary. aka megorexia. condition of muscle dysmorphia is form of body dysmorphic disorder.
human growth hormone (hGH)
naturally occurring hormone promoting growth, particularly in the long bones of the body.
acromegaly
condition resulting in structural abnormalities of head, hands, and feet, as well as damage to internal organs. side effect of taking hGH.
androstenedione
dietary supplement, acting as metabolic precursor to testosterone and used as an ergogenic agent.
creatine
dietary supplement available for ergogenic uses. enhances retention of water by muscle cells. no evidence that it stimulates protein synthesis.
enzyme immunoassay (EIA)
one of two major drug-testing techniques for detecting banned substances or drugs. urinalysis.
gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)
drug-testing technique based on the combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. urinalysis.
EMIT (enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique)
a commercial testing kit for screening for major controlled substances, based on enzyme immunoassay analysis. urinalysis. only testing procedure that adequately screens for anabolic steroids.
sensitivity of drug test
likelihood that a specimen containing drugs/drug metabolites will test positive (true positive). high degree = few false negatives.
specificity of drug test
likelihood that a drug-free/drug metabolite-free specimen will test negative (true negative). high degree = few false positives.
