chapter 12 (steroids & sports drug testing)

Question 1

ergogenic

Answer 1

performance-enhancing. wanted side effect of steroids.

Question 2

androgenic

Answer 2

acting to promote masculinizing changes in the body.

Question 3

anabolic

Answer 3

acting to promote growth and muscle development.

Question 4

anabolic-androgenic steroids

Answer 4

drugs that promote masculinizing changes in the body and increase muscle development.

Question 5

anabolic steroids

Answer 5

drugs patterned after the testosterone molecule that promote masculine changes in the body and increased muscle development. can never fully get rid of androgenic effects.

Question 6

androgen receptor

Answer 6

receptor that androgen binds to. type of nuclear receptor. in cytoplasm of cell.

Question 7

nuclear receptor

Answer 7

receptors that can, when activated, directly bind to dna in the nucleus and alter the production of proteins.

Question 8

adrenocortical steroids

Answer 8

group of hormones secreted by the adrenal glands. anti-inflammatory action makes them useful for treating arthritis and muscle injuries. catabolic (downward-changing) effects on muscle— weakening effect.

Question 9

gynecomastia

Answer 9

an enlargement of the breasts.

Question 10

priaprism

Answer 10

condition marked by persistent and frequently painful penile erections.

Question 11

muscle dysmorphia

Answer 11

the perception of one’s own body as small and weak and os one’s musculature as inadequately developed, despite evidence to the contrary. aka megorexia. condition of muscle dysmorphia is form of body dysmorphic disorder.

Question 12

human growth hormone (hGH)

Answer 12

naturally occurring hormone promoting growth, particularly in the long bones of the body.

Question 13

acromegaly

Answer 13

condition resulting in structural abnormalities of head, hands, and feet, as well as damage to internal organs. side effect of taking hGH.

Question 14

androstenedione

Answer 14

dietary supplement, acting as metabolic precursor to testosterone and used as an ergogenic agent.

Question 15

creatine

Answer 15

dietary supplement available for ergogenic uses. enhances retention of water by muscle cells. no evidence that it stimulates protein synthesis.

Question 16

enzyme immunoassay (EIA)

Answer 16

one of two major drug-testing techniques for detecting banned substances or drugs. urinalysis.

Question 17

gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)

Answer 17

drug-testing technique based on the combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. urinalysis.

Question 18

EMIT (enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique)

Answer 18

a commercial testing kit for screening for major controlled substances, based on enzyme immunoassay analysis. urinalysis. only testing procedure that adequately screens for anabolic steroids.

Question 19

sensitivity of drug test

Answer 19

likelihood that a specimen containing drugs/drug metabolites will test positive (true positive). high degree = few false negatives.

Question 20

specificity of drug test

Answer 20

likelihood that a drug-free/drug metabolite-free specimen will test negative (true negative). high degree = few false positives.