Chapter 6: Lecture 1 (Intro to Immunity)

Question 1

What composes innate immunity?

Answer 1

1. Barrier Defense
2. Cells: neutrophils, DC, NK
3. Complement Proteins

Question 2

What composes adaptive immunity?

Answer 2

Lymphocytes

Question 3

What are examples of physical/chemical barries in the innate immunity system?

Answer 3

1. Skin
2. Cilia
3. Saliva
4. Tears
5. Acid in stomach

Question 4

What are examples of pattern recognition receptors?

Answer 4

• Toll like
• NOD like and inflammasome
• C type lectin

Question 5

What is the goal of complement proteins?

Answer 5

1. Opsonization: promotes phagocytosis
2. Inflammation: recruit leukocytes
3. Form MAC complex to destroy pathogen

Question 6

Is innate immunity present at birth?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

What are the generative organs of the adaptive immunity system?

Answer 7

• Bone Marrow: generates lymphocytes + B lymphocyte maturation
• Thymus: T lymphocyte maturation

Question 8

What are the peripheral organs of the adaptive immunity system?

Answer 8

• Lymph nodes
• Spleen
• MALT: mucosa associated lymphoid tissues (tonsils, adenoid, Peyer’s patches)

Question 9

In the thymus, where are immature and mature T cells found?

Answer 9

Periphery: immature T cells from bone marrow
Medulla: mature T cells that won’t attack self cells

Question 10

What happens to lymphocytes in peripheral lymphoid tissue?

Answer 10

Lymphocytes react with APCs

• B cells differentiate into plasma cells
• T and B cell clonal expansion

Question 11

What do MHC class I cells recognize? 
What processes them?

Answer 11

• Intracellular antigens: viral, tumor

- Processed by proteasomes

Question 12

What do MHC class II cells recognize? 
What processes them?

Answer 12

• Extracellular antigens: bacterial, antigens

- Processed by endolysosomal enzymes

Question 13

What are the different type of HLA?

Answer 13

HLA-A
HLA-B
HLA-C
HLA-DP
HLA-DQ
HLA-DR

Question 14

What is the clinical importance of HLA haplotypes?

Answer 14

Organ transplants

Associated autoimmune diseases

Question 15

When APCs present peptide antigens, what do T cells do?

Answer 15

1. Proliferation
2. Differentiation
3. Migration
4. Killing

Question 16

What do helper T cells do?

Answer 16

1. Activate macrophages
2. Inflammation
3. Activate B and T lymphocytes

Question 17

What do B cells do?

Answer 17

1. Antibody production

2. Microbe destruction

Question 18

What cytokines are needed for class switching in B cells?

Answer 18

IFN-gamma

IL-4

Question 19

What is the first (and biggest) Ig produced?

Answer 19

IgM

Question 20

What Ig has longest half life and important for fetal protection?

Answer 20

IgG

Question 21

What is the role of IgA?

Answer 21

Mucosal defense

Question 22

What is the role of IgE?

Answer 22

Regulates hypersensitivity reactions

Question 23

How are NK cells regulated?

Answer 23

Present self class I MHC to prevent killing

Question 24

What is clonal deletion?

Answer 24

Killing of lymphocytes that recognize self antigens

Question 25

If a large population of cells with exact same genes is identified, what can that indicate?

Answer 25

Abnormal clones –> Neoplasia –> Lymphoma