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Year 1: 11. MOD > Chapter 6: Lecture 1 (Hypersensitivity Reactions) > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Lecture 1 (Hypersensitivity Reactions) Flashcards

1
Q

How is IgE produced?

A
  1. T cells differentiate into Th2 cells
  2. B cells switch to IgE
    - cytokines: IL-4, IL-5, IL-13
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2
Q

What type of cells bind to IgE?

A

Mast cells

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3
Q

What promotes the immediate hypersensitivity reaction?

A
  • Vasoactive amines

- Lipid mediators: leukotrienes, prostaglandins, PAF

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4
Q

What promotes the late phase (2-24 hours) hypersensitivity reaction?

A

-Cytokines

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5
Q

What happens when mast cells are activated?

A

1) Degranulation: histamine release

2) Release of lipid mediators: leukotrienes, prostaglandins, platelet activating factors

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6
Q

During the immediate reaction in a Type I hypersensitivity, what happens?

A

1) Vasodilation
2) Vascular leakage
3) Smooth muscle spasms

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7
Q

During the late reaction in a Type I hypersensitivity, what happens?

A

Epithelial damage

-due to eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils

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8
Q

What is eosinophilic esophagitis?

A
  • Food antigen-driven disease of childhood: accumulation of eosinophils
  • Recurrent dysphagia
  • Weight loss
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9
Q

What is a type II hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Antibodies directly reacting with antigens on cell surface or extracellular matrix

  • tend to be tissue specific
  • B cells produce IgG and IgM that bind to self cells
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10
Q

What are the three types of mechanisms used in a type II hypersensitivity reaction?

A
  1. Opsonization and phagocytosis
  2. Complement
  3. Antibody mediated cellular dysfunction
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11
Q

What are some examples of a type II hypersensitivity reaction?

A
  1. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
  2. Goodpasture syndrome
  3. Acute rheumatic fever
  4. Myasthenia gravis
  5. Graves disease
  6. ABO mismatch
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12
Q

What is a type III hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Antibody-antigen soluble complex that deposit in tissues, causing damage

  • goes to basement membrane of epithelia in kidney, lungs, joint, skin
  • complement is released
  • neutrophils migrate to site
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13
Q

What are some examples of a type III hypersensitivity reaction?

A
  1. Serum sickness
  2. Arthus reaction
  3. Systemic Lupus
  4. Rheumatoid Arthritis
  5. Farmer’s lung
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14
Q

In an immunofluorescence, how does a type II hypersensitivity reaction look?

A

Smooth, linear

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15
Q

In an immunofluorescence, how does a type III hypersensitivity reaction look?

A

Grainy, granular

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16
Q

What is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Delayed type hypersensitivity

  • cell-mediated response involving T-cells, monocytes, and macrophages
  • formation of immune granulomas
17
Q

What are some examples of a type IV hypersensitivity reaction?

A
  1. TB skin test
  2. Type I Diabetes
  3. Multiple sclerosis
  4. Psoriasis

Year 1: 11. MOD (8 decks)

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