Chapter 6: Learners with Learning Disabilities Flashcards
Response to Intervention (RTI) is the more empirically supported way if determining whether a student has a learning disability
True or False
False - there is little research on RTI and learning disabilities
People with learning disabilities have a central nervous system dysfunction
True or False
True - It used to be thought they had brain damage but it is actually a malfunctioning of the brain
The most common way to identify students with having a learning disability is if they:
A) Are non-responsive to RTI
B) exhibit a severe achievement-ability discrepancy
C) Being talking later than their peers
D) Are very hyper
B) exhibit a severe achievement-ability discrepancy
_______ disabilities are the largest category that receives special education, with about half of the students being identified
Learning
Learning disabilities are steadily increasing
True or False
True
Social/cultural changes may increase vulnerability such as poverty but kids may also be overidientified due to it being less stigmatizing than intellectual disability
Who is more likely to be identified with a learning disability, boys or girls?
Boys - they outnumber girls 3:1
Neuromaging techniques have found evidence for structural and functional differences between neuro-typical and those with learning disabilities
True or False
True
What causes CNS dysfunction in children with learning disabilities?
A) genetic factors
B) toxic factors
C) medical factors
D) All of the above
D) all of the above
Individuals with learning disabilities exhibit a great deal of _____ variation and ________ variation
Interindividual; intraindividual
Interindiivdual - no two are exactly alike which makes programs difficulty
Intraindividual - people typically have difficulties in one area but not another
Phonological awareness is the ability to:
A) segment words into smaller units of sound
B) covert written words into spoken words
C) read words accurately and at an appropriate pace
D) gain meaning from print
A) segment words into smaller units of sound (phonemes)
Decoding is the ability to:
A) segment words into smaller units of sound
B) covert written words into spoken words
C) read words accurately and at an appropriate pace
D) gain meaning from print
B) convert written words into spoken sounds
Children with dyslexia are likely to experience problems in:
A) phonological awareness B) Decoding C) Reading fluency D) Vocabulary E) Reading comprehension F) All of the above
F) all of the above
Dysgraphia refers to a difficulty in:
A) understanding graphs
B) written language (handwriting, spelling, composition)
C) spoken language
D) Math
B) written language (handwriting, spelling, composition)
Students with learning disbailtieis have at least 2 types of memory problems:
A) STM and working memory
B) STM and retrieval from LTM
C) working memory and retrieval from LTM
D) Retrieval from LTM and phonological awareness
C) Working memory and retrieval from LTM
Children with LD don’t use mental strategies during memory tasks
Children with LD are more likely to develop social-emotional problems due to the inability to read social/emotional cues
True or False
True
People with LD have also been referred to as ______ learners
Inactive
A teacher guides a student through a problem as would an expert training an apprentice. This is referred to as:
A) Scaffolded instruction
B) Self-monitoring
C) Reciprocal teaching
D) Self-instruction
C) Reciprocal teaching - there is back and forth dialogue
When a child is taught self-insturciton they go though a series of prompts:
A) problem definiiton, strategy use, planning, evaluation, self-reinforcement
B) planning, problem definition, self-evaluation, strategy use, reinforcement
C) Problem definition, planning, strategy use, self-evaluation, self-reinforcement
D) self-evaluation, planning, strategy use, problem definition, self-reinforcement
C) Problem definition, planning, strategy use, self-evaluation, self-reinforcement
Which of the following is not an instructional approach in improving reading skills:
A) Phonics learning
B) Mnemonics
C) Repeated readings
D) self-regulated strategy development (SRSD)
D) self-regulated strategy development (SRSD)
Breaking down a task into smaller components i order to complete a subcomponent before moving onto the next is an example of:
A) Task analysis
B) Phonics instruction
C) self-regulated strategy development
A) Task analysis
There is extensive intervention programs for children with LD that begin in preschool
True or False
False - it is difficult to identify children until there is academic demands placed on them
People typically grow out of learning disbabilities and live successful lives
True or False
False - learning disabilities are typically present in adulthood and they have a more difficult time gaining and keeping employment and living independently
