Chapter 10: Communication Disorders

Question 1

Children with language disorders always have speech difficulties

True or False

Answer 1

False - a child can have good speech but not make any sense

however they typically co-occur

Question 2

Stuttering is primarily a disorder of people with high IQs

True or False

Answer 2

False - stuttering can affect individuals at all levels

Question 3

Disorders of phonology are very serious and difficult to correct

True or False

Answer 3

True - this is the smallest unit of sound and thus makes children unintelligible

Question 4

What is the most common communication disorder?

Answer 4

Stuttering (fluency disorder)

Question 5

What is the most common symbol system used between humans?

Answer 5

Spoken language

Question 6

Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)

Answer 6

• Alternative methods to produce the speech sounds of oral language, so that folks can still communicate.
• Ex: Speech boards

Question 7

Communication Disorders

Answer 7

-Impaired ability to use speech or language to communicate (umbrella term)

Question 8

Speech Disorders

Define + 3 things

Answer 8

• Impairments in production and use of oral language
  1. Articulation
  2. Fluency
  3. Voice production

Question 9

Language Disorders

Define + 3 things

Answer 9

Problems in comprehending and using language for communication.

1. Form
2. Context
3. Use of Language

Question 10

Phonology (define + is it

1. Form
2. Context
3. Use of Language)

Answer 10

• Understanding speech sounds. Ex: spelling things out.

* Form

Question 11

Morphology (define + is it

1. form
2. content
3. use of language)

Answer 11

• Organization of words
• Ex: Suffixes, verb tenses
• Form

Question 12

Syntax (define + is it

1. form
2. content
3. use of language)

Answer 12

• Organizing meaningful sentences

* Form

Question 13

Semantics (define + is it

1. form
2. content
3. use of language)

Answer 13

• Attaching meaning and concepts to words
• Ex: even though I could “read” Spanish, it would have no meaning to me.
• Content

Question 14

Pragmatics (define + is it

1. form
2. content
3. use of language)

Answer 14

Using language for social purposes. Ex: “please” and “thank you.”

*Use of Language

Question 15

Prevalence of communication disorders

% + 2 fun facts

Answer 15

5-10% of schoolage children

• Usually begin classifying at age 9, to give time for developmental delays and learning motor skills.
• Very co-morbid with other exceptionalities

Question 16

Dialects

Answer 16

• Systematic language variations
• Someone with a language disorder has difficulty communicating in every language environment, including the home language dialect.
• Testing for CDs should be unbias, and use the student’s dialect + first language.

Question 17

5 Language Disorders domains…

Answer 17

1. Phonology (speech sounds)
2. Morphology (organizing words)
3. Syntactical (organizing sentences)
4. Semantics (meaning of words)
5. Pragmatics (Social langauge)

Question 18

What are the 2 dimensions of language disorder classification?

Answer 18

1. Domain (subsystem or type) - phonology, morphology, etc.
2. Etiology (cause)

Primary Language Disorders: no known cause
Secondary Language Disorders: caused by another condition

Question 19

What is the biggest problem faced for folks with Secondary Language Disorders?

Answer 19

Language for Social Interaction

Question 20

4 kinds of Speech-Sound Disorders?

Answer 20

1. Phonological
2. Articulation
3. Voice
4. Fluency

Question 21

Phonological Disorders

Answer 21

• Rules for pronouncing sounds

- Difficulty contrasting sounds (ex: saying “ha” instead of “hat”)

Question 22

What are articulation D=disorders

Answer 22

Errors in producing sounds in which the child omits, deletes or substitutes sounds

Since articulation is common until 8-9 children are not evaluated until their errors continue into the 3rd or 4th grade

Question 23

What are the most common letters to pronounce in articulation disorders?

Answer 23

|R| |I| |Z| |S|

Question 24

What are voice Disorders

Answer 24

When pitch, loudness, and quality of sound harpers communication

-Must be ““Markedly different”” than normal

Question 25

What are fluency Disorders

Answer 25

When speaker's disfluencies are so intense, or interruptions are so pervasive, that the speaker is hard to understand disfluencies are normal but sometimes children do not grow out of them

Question 26

What is the most common fluency disorder?

Answer 26

Stuttering

Question 27

What are the core + secondary behaviours of stuttering

Answer 27

CORE = sound-centred. Incl. prolonged sounds, sound blocks. SECONDARY = To distract from the stuttering. Incl. gestures, nods, blinks.

Question 28

Motor Speech Disorders (Describe + 2 kinds)

Answer 28

- Speech disorder as a result of brain damage - Muscle/nerve problem, rather than anxiety-based problem. 1. Dysarthia (slow, laboured, slurring) 2. Aprazia (difficulty planning and coordinating, slow and effortful speech)

Question 29

__________ is a motor speech disorder characterized by slow, laboured, slurred, and imprecise speech

Answer 29

Dysarthria

Question 30

__________ is a motor speech delay characterized by difficulty planning and coordinating speech.

Answer 30

Apraxia this can be extremely frustrating Can be developmental or acquired

Question 31

Educational considerations for communication disorders: it's main goal, 1 skill to build, 1 thing to avoid.

Answer 31

- Facilitating social use of language - Working on both listeners and speakers being more clear and expressive. - Avoid yes/no questions.

Question 32

Dynamic Assessments

Answer 32

- Being tested after a particular lesson, immediately reteaching things not understood. - Very in the moment.

Question 33

Early Intervention for communication disorders : Why is it important? (2)

Answer 33

1. Intervention is more effective, the younger a child is. | 2. Language is key to socialization.

Question 34

what does intervention for ADULT communication disorders focus on?

Answer 34

-Functional communication skills! Incl. eye contact, taking turns, identifying topic, staying on topic.

Question 35

Milieu Training

Answer 35

Teaching n -Taking advantage of an individual's skills and interests. -Have them talk about what they are confident at.

Question 36

What % of Canadian children have speech disorders?

Answer 36

5-10%

Question 37

When Claudia, a seven-year-old says, "I goed to the store," she is demonstrating a problem with which aspect of language? a) Phonology b) Morphology c) Syntax d) Pragmatics

Answer 37

b) Morphology

Question 38

What does the biological maturation theory argue for language disorders?

Answer 38

Language disorders are sometimes a result of brain dysfunction and ways to overcome this can sometimes be taught

Question 39

What does the social interaction theory argue about language disorders?

Answer 39

language disorders are a breakdown in ability to relate effectively to ones environment

Question 40

Specific language impairment, early expressive language delay, and language-based reading impairment are all examples of ________ language disorders

Answer 40

Primary - they have no known cause

Question 41

What are the 3 causes of voice disorders?

Answer 41

1. functional disorders - damage to the larynx 2. Organic disorders - physical conditions such as growths that have affected structure 3. Neurological disorders

Question 42

_________ is the complete loss of vocie

Answer 42

aphonia