Chapter 12: Blindness or Low Vision

Question 1

Legal definition of blindness/low vision?

Answer 1

Blind = 20/200 vision or less, with correction

Low vision = between 20/70 and 20/200, with correction.

Question 2

Educational definition of blindness/low vision?

Answer 2

Blind = requires braille to read

Low vision = can read print, with magnification.

Question 3

Prevalence of blindness in children vs. adults

Answer 3

Children = 0.04%

Adults = 10x more common

Question 4

What is the snellen Chart used for? What are the limitations?

Answer 4

The chart with all the different letters/sizes, or Es

Measures visual acuity

Does not measure farsightedness (reading classes)

Does not reflect educational definition for visual impairment

Question 5

Myopia (define)

Answer 5

Nearsightedness

the eyeballs too long

Question 6

Most common causes of visual impairment in children? (3)

Answer 6

1. Cortical Visual impairment (blindness caused by brain damage)
2. Optic nerve hypolasia
3. Retinopathy of Prematurity (abnormal growth of blood vessel cells in eye.)

Question 7

What is the #1 most common cause of visual impairment in children?

Answer 7

Cortical Visual Impairment (blindness caused by brain damage)

Question 8

Which cause of visual impairment is often linked with epilepsy?

Answer 8

Optic Nerve Hypoplasia

Question 9

What was often caused by excess oxygen in premature baby incubators?

Answer 9

Retinopathy of Prematurity

Question 10

_______ is when the corena/lens is irregular

Answer 10

Astigmatism

Question 11

_________ is a group of eye diseases that causes damage to the optic nerve usually caused by excessive pressure on the aqueous hummer

It is called the sneak thief of sight

Answer 11

Glaucoma

Question 12

what is a cataract?

Answer 12

Clouding of the lens of the eye which results in blurred vision

Question 13

What are the 3 common causes of blindness in children?

Answer 13

**Cortical visual impairment (CVI)- dysfunction of visual cortex

Reintopathy of prematurity (ROP) - excessive o2 at birth

Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) - underdevelopment of optic nerve

Question 14

Teaching O&M skills promotes positive social adjustment and employment outcomes

True or False

Answer 14

True

O&M skills are the ability to sense where one is in relation to other things, increasing independence

Question 15

Who develops better O&M skills? Blind or low vision?

Answer 15

Totally blind people

Question 16

_________ is a nonsequential way of conceptualizing the spatial environment allowing person to move to several points in no order

Answer 16

Cognitive mapping

Question 17

Blind people automatically develop better equity in their other senses

True or False

Answer 17

False - they can learn to make better use of the sensations they do obtain

Question 18

What are the 4 methods for teaching O&M?

Answer 18

Long cane

Guide dogs

Tactile maps

Human guides