Chapter 6 Key Terms

Question 1

Containing or requiring molecular oxygen (O2).

Answer 1

Aerobic Respiration

Question 2

Lacking or not requiring molecular oxygen (O2).

Answer 2

Anaerobic Respiration

Question 3

A protein cluster, found in a cellular membrane (including the inner membrane of mitochondria, the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts, and the plasma membrane of prokaryotes), that uses the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP from ADP. An ATP synthase provides a port through which hydrogen ions (H+) diffuse.

Answer 3

ATP Synthase

Question 4

An organism that makes its own food from inorganic ingredients, thereby sustaining itself without eating other organisms or their molecules. Plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria are

Answer 4

Autotroph

Question 5

The aerobic harvesting of energy from food molecules; the energy-releasing chemical breakdown of food molecules, such as glucose, and the storage of potential energy in a form that cells can use to perform work; involves glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, the electron transport chain, and chemiosmosis.

Answer 5

Cellular Respiration

Question 6

The metabolic cycle that is fueled by acetyl CoA formed after glycolysis in cellular respiration. Chemical reactions in the cycle complete the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide. The cycle occurs in the matrix of mitochondria and supplies most of the NADH molecules that carry energy to the electron transport chains. Also referred to as the Krebs cycle.

Answer 6

Citric Acid Cycle

Question 7

A reaction in which one or more electrons are transferred to carrier molecules. A series of such reactions, called an electron transport chain, can release the energy stored in high-energy molecules such as glucose. See also electron transport chain.

Answer 7

Electron Transport

Question 8

A series of electron carrier molecules that shuttle electrons during a series of chemical reactions. These reactions release energy that is used to make ATP; located in the inner membrane of mitochondria, the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts, and the plasma membrane of prokaryotes.

Answer 8

Electron Transport Chain

Question 9

The anaerobic harvest of energy from food by some cells. Different pathways of fermentation can produce different end products, including ethanol and lactic acid.

Answer 9

Fermentation

Question 10

The multistep chemical breakdown of a molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid; the first stage of cellular respiration in all organisms; occurs in the cytoplasmic fluid.

Answer 10

Glycolysis

Question 11

An organism that cannot make its own organic food molecules from inorganic ingredients and must obtain them by consuming other organisms or their organic products; a consumer (such as an animal) or a decomposer (such as a fungus) in a food chain.

Answer 11

Heterotrpoh

Question 12

An electron carrier (a molecule that carries electrons) involved in cellular respiration and photosynthesis. NADH carries electrons from glucose and other fuel molecules and deposits them at the top of an electron transport chain. *** is generated during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.

Answer 12

NADH

Question 13

An organism that makes organic food molecules from carbon dioxide, water, and other inorganic raw materials: a plant, alga, or autotrophic bacterium; the trophic level that supports all others in a food chain or food web.

Answer 13

Producer

Question 14

An organism that obtains its food by eating plants or by eating animals that have eaten plants.

Answer 14

Consumer