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Bio Test 2 > Bio Study Guide > Flashcards

Bio Study Guide Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do all living organisms need to sustain life?

A

Energy

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2
Q

What is energy?

A

the capacity to perform work

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3
Q

What are the different types of energy?

A

Kinetic and Potential

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4
Q

The energy of motion can be defined as?

A

Kinetic Energy

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5
Q

When energy is stored, what is it called?

A

Potential Energy

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6
Q

the amount of energy that raises the temperature of one gram of water by one celsius

A

What is a calorie?

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7
Q

a kilocalorie (1,000 calories)

A

What is a Calorie? (there is a difference between this one and the one above.)

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8
Q

energy that can be changed from one form to another; however it cannot be created or destroyed

A

What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?

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9
Q

Why is heat lost in biological systems?

A

Heat is lost during the conversion of energy because it is hard to harness

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10
Q

Where does new energy come from?

A

Chemical reactions such as photosynthesis and etc

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11
Q

How is most energy lost (in what form)?

A

Heat

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12
Q

What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

A

energy cannot be changed from one form into another with a loss of usable energy

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13
Q

A measure of the amount of disorder, or randomness, in a system (every time energy is converted from one form to another, entropy increases)

A

What is entropy?

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14
Q

How do you make a reaction go that requires energy?

A

activation energy

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15
Q

the energy that triggers the reactants in a chemical reaction

A

What is activation energy?

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16
Q

catalytic proteins- that speed up biological reactions but they are not altered or consumed
- also lower the activation energy for chemical reactions

A

What is an enzyme?

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17
Q

Proteins that speed up a chemical reaction/They are very selective in the reaction it catalyzes/Attracts to a substrate which then forms to the active site (known as an induced fit)/Enzymes can function repeatedly

A

How do enzymes work?

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18
Q

What factors affect how well enzymes work?

A

Enzyme Inhibitors
pH and temperature

19
Q

They act as substrate impostors that plug into the active site causing the active site to change shape so much that it will no longer accept the real substrate

A

How does an enzyme inhibitor work?

20
Q

Adenosine Triphosphate

A

What is ATP?

21
Q

What is ATP used for?

A

Stores energy obtained from food and then releases it as needed at a later time

22
Q

ATP energizes other molecules in cells by transferring phosphate groups to those molecules/The crowding of negative charges in the triphosphate tail
contributes to the potential energy of ATP/The release of the phosphate at the tip of the triphosphate tail that makes energy available to working cells
40% food and the remainder is heat

A

How do you get energy from ATP?

22
Q

What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?

A

Diffusion is the movement of molecules spreading out evenly into the available space
Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

23
Q

What is hyper, hypo, and isotonic?

A

Hypertonic- higher concentration of solute
Hypotonic- lower concentration of solute
Isotonic- equal concentrations of solute

24
Q

What happens to a red blood cell when placed in a hyperosmotic solute?

A

The cell would shrivel up and die due to water loss

25
Q

What happens to a red blood cell when placed in a hypoosmotic solute?

A

The cell would swell and burst from too much water

26
Q

What happens to a red blood cell when placed in a isosmotic solute?

A

The cell’s volume would remain the same because the cell gains water at the same rate that it looses water

27
Q

****Be able to look at two solutions and tell which way osmosis will occur?

A
28
Q

A molecule inside or on the surface of a cell that binds to a specific substance and causes a specific effect in the cell

A

What is a receptor?

29
Q

Autotrophs make their own food, which creates energy for them to grow, reproduce and survive

A

What is a producer?

30
Q

Something that consumes energy by eating plants and animals?

A

Consumers

31
Q

T/F- the hypotonic solution, by having the lower solute concentration, has the higher water concentration (less solute = more water).

A

True

32
Q

How do we measure energy and why?

A

-measure in temperature (joules)
-measuring kinetic energy

33
Q

What is the study of energy?

A

Thermodynamics

34
Q

What is an autotroph? Heterotroph?

A

Autotroph- self feeder
heterotroph- consumer

35
Q

What is the difference between cellular respiration and breathing?

A

Cellular Respiration: harvest energy stored in sugars by using O2 to convert the energy stored in bonds to ATP
Breathing: exchanges these gases between blood and air

36
Q

What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

A

photosynthesis takes in CO2 and releases O2, fueling cellular respiration which takes in O2 and expels CO2

37
Q

6CO2+6H2O»C6H12O6+6O2
is the equation for what?

A

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

38
Q

C6H12O6+6O2»6CO2+6H2O+ATP
is the equation for what?

A

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

39
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur?

A

Chloroplasts

40
Q

What are the reactants of cellular respiration?
What are the products?

A

Photosynthesis:
Energy from sun
CO2 from air through leaves
H2O from soil through roots
Cellular Respiration:
Glucose and oxygen to make ATP
CO2 and H2O are waste products

41
Q

-connects the two photosystems
-releases energy that the chloroplast uses to make ATP
What is being described?

A

Electron Transport Chain

42
Q

What is the final electron acceptor?

A

Oxygen

Bio Test 2 (9 decks)

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