Bio Chapter 7 Flashcards
What suffix does an enzyme typically end in?
“Ase”
Where does photosynthesis occur?
Chloroplast
Where is chloroplast found?
In the cells of the mesophyll
What does the chloroplast contain?
Stroma and Thylakoids, membranous sacs
The openings in a leaf where the carbon dioxide enters and oxygen exits the leaf
Stromata
What reaction converts solar energy to chemical energy?
Light Reactions
What cycle makes sugar from carbon dioxide?
Calvin Cycle
a group of chlorophyll ( and other molecules) that function as a light-gathering antenna
Photosystem
How is breathing related to cellular respiration?
When you inhale you breathe in O2, which is delivered to your cells and is used during cellular respiration. CO2 is a waste product of cellular respiration and is exhaled.
Using the energy from light, what is the initial electron donor in photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll
What all does a plant need for growth?
Sunlight, water, carbon dioxide
When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, what is its source?
Splitting of H2O
Photosynthetic organisms include?
Protists and Bacteria
Why are leaves green?
The chlorophyll and other pigments reflect green light while absorbing other light.
Which stage is responsible for completing the breakdown of glucose all the way to CO2, which is then released as a waste product?
Citric Acid Cycle
What is the correct order of light reactions of photosynthesis?
electron transport, making NADPH, light capture, making ATP, electron excitation
Light Capture- Electron Excitation- Electron Transport- making ATP- making NADPH
Where is chlorophyll found in chloroplasts?
In thylakoids
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
CO2 and H2O
List some similarities between the electron transfer process of photosynthesis with the electron transfer chain of cellular respiration.
- Both use electron to generate ATP
- Both use electrons carries to donate electrons
- Both involve transformation of energy
What part of the plant can be term its “food factory”
Leaves
What is the process known for that ultimately feeds the world?
Photosynthesis
About ** percent of the energy produced by your body each day is used to sustain your brain.
20%
What is the end result of the Calvin Cycle?
To produce sugars
What provides the energy to drive the photosynthesis chemical reactions?
Sunlight
What pathway in photosynthesis captures carbon dioxide?
Calvin Cycle
Which 2 metabolic pathways directly involve oxygen?
Photosynthesis and Electron Transport Chain
What 3 things are needed for the Calvin Cycle?
ATP, NADPH, and carbon
Where does the mass of a plant come from?
Carbon
Which wavelength of light is/ are best absorbed by the chlorophyll in plants?
Blue and red
What occurs in the first photosystem?
Photons excite electrons for transfer to an electron transport chain.
What are the products of photosynthesis?
O2 and glucose
What do cell respiration and photosynthesis have in common?
Both produce and use ATP
Carbon fixation includes the addition of carbon dioxide to?
RuBP
After 3-PGA is phosphorylated, it receives energized electrons from?
NADPH
How many carbon dioxide molecules must be added to RuBP to make a single molecule of glucose?
6
In the Calvin Cycle, how many ATP molecules are required to regenerate RuBP from five G3P molecules?
3
T/F-Red has a longer wavelength than green.
True
The “phot-“ part of the word “photosynthesis” refers to the light reactions that occur in what?
Thylakoids… the incorporation of carbon dioxide
How do CAM plants conserve water?
By opening their stomata only at night
What wavelength of light is best absorbed by chlorophyll a, the pigment participates directly in the light reactions?
435 nm
What wavelength of light is best absorbed by chlorophyll b?
455 nm
Why do carotenoids appear yellow and oranage?
They absorb blue/green light and reflect yellow and red wavelengths of light.
In photosynthesis, plants use__ to make sugar and other organic materials.
Carbon Dioxide
The most important role of pigments in photosynthesis is to capture?
light energy
What are the end products of photosynthesis?
Glucose and Molecular oxygen
Where does oxygen gas come from?
Photosynthesis; Oxygen is released when water is broken down to extract electrons and protons for use in the light reactions
The light reactions produce what?
Oxygen, NADPH, and ATP
The thylakoid membranes bring together the components necessary to carry out what kind of reaction?
Light Reaction
How do incoming photons of light energy initiate photosynthesis?
By exciting electrons in pigment molecules with the photosystems, raising them to a higher energy level
Which option properly summarizes the inputs and outputs of the Calvin Cycle?
H20+light energy- ATP+NADPH+02 gas
H2)+light energy+ CO2- glucose+ O2 gas
ATP+NADPH+3CO2- G3P
ATP+NADPH+3CO2- G3P
When light strikes chlorophyll molecules, the lose electrons, which are ultimately replaced by other electrons obtained by?
Splitting water
In photosynthesis, what is the fate of the oxygen atoms present in CO2? They end up____?
in sugar molecules and in water
In the electromagnetic spectrum, the type of radiation that we call visible light occurs between?
UV radiation and infrared radiation
Plant cells that contain the organelle responsible for photosynthesis are concentrated in cells of the___?
Leaves
What color is most strongly reflected by chlorophyll?
Green
During photosynthesis in chloroplasts, O2 is produced from___ via a series of reactions associated with___.
H2O and the water-splitting photosystem
What is the Earth’s ultimate energy source?
Sunlight
What organelle does photosynthesis take place in?
Chloroplast
What connects the two photosystems in the light reaction?
Electron Support Chain
What 2 molecules are produced by the light reactions and used to power the Calvin Cycle?
ATP and NADPH
What provides electrons for the light reactions?
H2O
What transports electrons from the light reactions to the Calvin Cycle?
NADPH
The light reactions take place in the____ and the Calvin Cycle takes place in the____.
Thylakoids and stroma
In C3 plants the conversation of water promotes what?
Photorespiration
In C4 and CAM plants carbon dioxide is fixed in the ___ of mesophyll cells.
Cytoplasm
C4 plants differ from C3 and CAM plants in that C4 plants?
Transfer fixed CO2 to cells in which the Calvin Cycle occurs
What is produced in the thylakoids and consumed by the reactions in the storms of a chloroplast?
ATP and NADPH
6H2O+6CO2+ Sunlight —- C6H12O6+6O2
Photosynthesis
6O2+C6H12O6—ATP+6CO2+6H2O
Cellular Respiration
