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Bio Test 2 > Bio Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Bio Chapter 6 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

T/F- All energy comes from the sun

A

True

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2
Q

Organisms must be able to convert said energy from sunlight into chemical energy, known as

A

Photosynthesis

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3
Q

What are the 2 main ingredients for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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4
Q

a chemical process that:
primarily occurs in mitochondria
Harvests energy stored in organic molecules
Uses oxygen
Generates ATP

A

Cellular Respiration

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5
Q

The main way that chemical energy is harvested from food and converted to ATP is an aerobic or anaerobic process?

A

Aerobic, which requires oxygen

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6
Q

Occurs when enough oxygen reaches cells to support their energy needs

A

Aerobic Metabolism

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7
Q

Occurs when the demand for oxygen is greeted than the body’s ability to deliver it

A

Anaerobic Metabolism

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8
Q

What is a difference between fermentation in human muscles and fermentation in yeast?

A

In human muscle cells lactic acid is produced, while the yeast produces ethyl alcohol

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9
Q

What stage of cellular respiration takes place in the cytosol?

A

Glycosis

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10
Q

Which stage of cellular respiration yields the greatest amount of ATP?

A

Electron Transport Chain

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11
Q

In which stage of cellular respiration is pyruvic acid produced?

A

Glycosis

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12
Q

T/F- Fats, Glycerol, Protein, and Glucose can be broken down to generate ATP?

A

True

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13
Q

An organism that utilizes light energy or inorganic compounds to meet their energy requirements

A

Autotroph

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14
Q

The citric acid cycle is considered a cycle because the last product is-

A

used in the first reaction to start the cycle over again

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15
Q

A drug that blocks the electron transport chain would probably cause an organism to?

A

Make insufficient ATP to survive

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16
Q

What do glycolysis and the citric acid cycle have in common?

A

They both directly produce 2 ATP

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17
Q

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration connected?

A

The products of photosynthesis are the reactants in cellular respiration and vice versa

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18
Q

While serving as visiting professor on the planet Freedonia, with infinite resources available to you, you decide to try implanting mitochondria into alien bacterial cells that can perform only glycolysis.
Assuming your experiment is successful, what result would you predict?

A

An increase in ATP yield per glucose molecule

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19
Q

Fermentation ensures a steady supply of NAD+ for proper glycolytic functioning during periods of low oxygen levels in muscles. What is the role of *** in muscle metabolism?

A

Fermentation

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20
Q

Difference between the use of the term cellular respiration and respiration in biology is?

A

Cellular respiration refers only to the breakdown of energy-rich molecules to produce ATP+; respiration can refer to breathing

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21
Q

T/F- Glycolysis requires oxygen to function

A

False, it does NOT require oxygen

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22
Q

T/F- Glycolysis produces ATP and occurs in the cytoplasm

A

True

23
Q

Anaerobic respiration occurs when_____?

A

Oxygen is not present

24
Q

Why are protons (H+) pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

A

Their movement back across the membrane generates ATP

25
Q

The preferred source of energy for glycolysis is?

A

Glucose

26
Q

The aerobic harvesting of chemical energy from organic fuel molecules

A

Cellular Respiration

27
Q

List how the following items depict the correct order of how molecules move through cellular respiration.
pyruvic acid, acetic acid, CoA, acetyl CO, glucose

A

glucose, pyruvic acid, acetic acid, acetyl CO, and CoA

28
Q

T/F- Lactic acid is produced by yeast fermentation?

A

False, it is NOT

29
Q

Which of the following allows for ATP to be produced with the electron transport chain?
A) H+ concentration gradient
B) OH+ concentration gradient
C)Acetyl- CoA
D)NAD+

A

A- H+ concentration gradient

30
Q

T/F- cellular respiration ONLY occurs in animals

A

False, it can occur in both plants and animals, but plants can also use the process of photosynthesis.

31
Q

Not all of the energy harvested during the chemical breakdown of food molecules is captured and stored in ATP. What happens to the rest of the energy?

A

It is released as heat

32
Q

What is the correct order of cellular respiration?

A

Glycolysis- citric acid cycle- electron transport chain

33
Q

T/F- Citric acid cycle- 2 CO2, ATP, 3 NADH, FADH2

A

True

34
Q

If the amount of oxygen required by your muscles during a workout exceeds your aerobic capacity, your muscle cells will switch to aerobic or anaerobic respiration and produce ___ acid.

A

anaerobic and lactic acid

35
Q

Respiration describes the exchange of gases between your blood and the outside air. Cellular respiration produces?

A

ATP

36
Q

In muscle cells, fermentation produces what 2 things?

A

lactase and NAD+

37
Q

What do plants have to take in to carry out photosynthesis?

A

Both carbon dioxide and water
obviously plants take out carbon dioxide from air

38
Q

Anaerobic respiration produces a maximum of ** ATP per glucose. What is the number?

A

2

39
Q

Cellular respiration requires fuel (glucose) and oxygen gas. The main process that produces these inputs is___?

A

Photosynthesis

40
Q

Which part of the cellular respiration requires oxygen gas?

A

The Citric Acid Cycle and The Electron Transport Chain

41
Q

What is the most important output of glycolysis?

A

Two pyruvic acid and two NADH molecules

42
Q

Unlike the Citric Acid cycle and electron transport, glycolysis occurs where?

A

in the cytoplasm

43
Q

Glycolysis is the multi-step breakdown of____. Several different ___ play a role in the process.

A

glucose ; enzymes

44
Q

What is the name of the process in which pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid?

A

Fermentation

45
Q

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

A

Cytosol

46
Q

The main function of cellular respiration is to?

A

Make ATP to power cell activities

47
Q

Most of the ATP production during cellular respiration occurs from activity of the?

A

ATP synthase machine

48
Q

The electron transport chain of cellular respiration is a series of electron carrier molecules. Where are these molecules located in eukaryotic cells?

A

The inner membrane of the mitochondria

49
Q

An important end product of cellular respiration is___?

A

Water

50
Q

Chemical reactions that require oxygen are called___ while those that do NOT require oxygen are considered ___?

A

Aerobic and Anaerobic

51
Q

During aerobic respiration, molecular oxygen (O2) is used at the end of _____ to accept electrons and form H2O.

A

Electron Transport Chain

52
Q

Fermentation is essentially glycolysis plus an extra step in which the pyruvic acid is reduced to form lactic acid or alcohol and carbon dioxide. The last step enables the cell to recycle what?

A

NAD+

53
Q

The energy given up by electrons as they move through the electron transport chain is used to pump ____through a membrane.

A

H+

54
Q

Photosynthesis stores energy in organic molecules, and cellular respiration releases it.

A

The relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration
just memorize

Bio Test 2 (9 decks)

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