Bio Chapter 6 Flashcards
T/F- All energy comes from the sun
True
Organisms must be able to convert said energy from sunlight into chemical energy, known as
Photosynthesis
What are the 2 main ingredients for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide and water
a chemical process that:
primarily occurs in mitochondria
Harvests energy stored in organic molecules
Uses oxygen
Generates ATP
Cellular Respiration
The main way that chemical energy is harvested from food and converted to ATP is an aerobic or anaerobic process?
Aerobic, which requires oxygen
Occurs when enough oxygen reaches cells to support their energy needs
Aerobic Metabolism
Occurs when the demand for oxygen is greeted than the body’s ability to deliver it
Anaerobic Metabolism
What is a difference between fermentation in human muscles and fermentation in yeast?
In human muscle cells lactic acid is produced, while the yeast produces ethyl alcohol
What stage of cellular respiration takes place in the cytosol?
Glycosis
Which stage of cellular respiration yields the greatest amount of ATP?
Electron Transport Chain
In which stage of cellular respiration is pyruvic acid produced?
Glycosis
T/F- Fats, Glycerol, Protein, and Glucose can be broken down to generate ATP?
True
An organism that utilizes light energy or inorganic compounds to meet their energy requirements
Autotroph
The citric acid cycle is considered a cycle because the last product is-
used in the first reaction to start the cycle over again
A drug that blocks the electron transport chain would probably cause an organism to?
Make insufficient ATP to survive
What do glycolysis and the citric acid cycle have in common?
They both directly produce 2 ATP
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration connected?
The products of photosynthesis are the reactants in cellular respiration and vice versa
While serving as visiting professor on the planet Freedonia, with infinite resources available to you, you decide to try implanting mitochondria into alien bacterial cells that can perform only glycolysis.
Assuming your experiment is successful, what result would you predict?
An increase in ATP yield per glucose molecule
Fermentation ensures a steady supply of NAD+ for proper glycolytic functioning during periods of low oxygen levels in muscles. What is the role of *** in muscle metabolism?
Fermentation
Difference between the use of the term cellular respiration and respiration in biology is?
Cellular respiration refers only to the breakdown of energy-rich molecules to produce ATP+; respiration can refer to breathing
T/F- Glycolysis requires oxygen to function
False, it does NOT require oxygen
T/F- Glycolysis produces ATP and occurs in the cytoplasm
True
Anaerobic respiration occurs when_____?
Oxygen is not present
Why are protons (H+) pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane?
Their movement back across the membrane generates ATP
The preferred source of energy for glycolysis is?
Glucose
The aerobic harvesting of chemical energy from organic fuel molecules
Cellular Respiration
List how the following items depict the correct order of how molecules move through cellular respiration.
pyruvic acid, acetic acid, CoA, acetyl CO, glucose
glucose, pyruvic acid, acetic acid, acetyl CO, and CoA
T/F- Lactic acid is produced by yeast fermentation?
False, it is NOT
Which of the following allows for ATP to be produced with the electron transport chain?
A) H+ concentration gradient
B) OH+ concentration gradient
C)Acetyl- CoA
D)NAD+
A- H+ concentration gradient
T/F- cellular respiration ONLY occurs in animals
False, it can occur in both plants and animals, but plants can also use the process of photosynthesis.
Not all of the energy harvested during the chemical breakdown of food molecules is captured and stored in ATP. What happens to the rest of the energy?
It is released as heat
What is the correct order of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis- citric acid cycle- electron transport chain
T/F- Citric acid cycle- 2 CO2, ATP, 3 NADH, FADH2
True
If the amount of oxygen required by your muscles during a workout exceeds your aerobic capacity, your muscle cells will switch to aerobic or anaerobic respiration and produce ___ acid.
anaerobic and lactic acid
Respiration describes the exchange of gases between your blood and the outside air. Cellular respiration produces?
ATP
In muscle cells, fermentation produces what 2 things?
lactase and NAD+
What do plants have to take in to carry out photosynthesis?
Both carbon dioxide and water
obviously plants take out carbon dioxide from air
Anaerobic respiration produces a maximum of ** ATP per glucose. What is the number?
2
Cellular respiration requires fuel (glucose) and oxygen gas. The main process that produces these inputs is___?
Photosynthesis
Which part of the cellular respiration requires oxygen gas?
The Citric Acid Cycle and The Electron Transport Chain
What is the most important output of glycolysis?
Two pyruvic acid and two NADH molecules
Unlike the Citric Acid cycle and electron transport, glycolysis occurs where?
in the cytoplasm
Glycolysis is the multi-step breakdown of____. Several different ___ play a role in the process.
glucose ; enzymes
What is the name of the process in which pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid?
Fermentation
Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?
Cytosol
The main function of cellular respiration is to?
Make ATP to power cell activities
Most of the ATP production during cellular respiration occurs from activity of the?
ATP synthase machine
The electron transport chain of cellular respiration is a series of electron carrier molecules. Where are these molecules located in eukaryotic cells?
The inner membrane of the mitochondria
An important end product of cellular respiration is___?
Water
Chemical reactions that require oxygen are called___ while those that do NOT require oxygen are considered ___?
Aerobic and Anaerobic
During aerobic respiration, molecular oxygen (O2) is used at the end of _____ to accept electrons and form H2O.
Electron Transport Chain
Fermentation is essentially glycolysis plus an extra step in which the pyruvic acid is reduced to form lactic acid or alcohol and carbon dioxide. The last step enables the cell to recycle what?
NAD+
The energy given up by electrons as they move through the electron transport chain is used to pump ____through a membrane.
H+
Photosynthesis stores energy in organic molecules, and cellular respiration releases it.
The relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration
just memorize
