Chapter 6 Human Body Flashcards
1
Q
Body cavity that contains many of the major organs of digestion and excretion located below the diaphragm and above the pelvis
A
Abdomen
2
Q
The depression on the lateral pelvis, where it’s three component bones join in which there for moral head fit snugly
A
Acetabulum
3
Q
The nucleotide involved in energy metabolism; used to store energy
A
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
4
Q
Endocrine glands located on top of the kidneys, release, adrenaline when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system
A
Adrenal glands
5
Q
Pertaining to nerves that release the Neuro transmitter, norepinephrine or noradrenaline
A
Adrenergic 
6
Q
Metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of oxygen
A
Aerobic metabolism 
7
Q
Abnormal breathing pattern, slow, gasping breaths, sometimes seen in patients in cardiac arrest
A
Agonal gasp 
8
Q
Portions of the nervous system, when stimulated can cause constriction of blood vessels
A
Alpha adrenergic receptors
9
Q
Air sacs of the lungs, in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place
A
Alveoli
10
Q
Metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen; The main by product is lactic acid.
A
Anaerobic metabolism
11
Q
The study of the physical structure of the body and its components
A
Anatomy
12
Q
Main artery, leaving left side of the heart, carrying freshly oxygenated blood to the body
A
Aorta
13
Q
The portion of the skeletal system that comprises the ARMS LEGS PELVIS SHOULDER GIRDLE
A
Appendicular skeleton
14
Q
A small tubular structure that is attached to the lower border of the cecum in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen
A
Appendix
15
Q
Smallest branches of arteries, leading to the vast network of capillaries
A
Arterioles
16
Q
Pearly layer of specialized cartilage covering the articular surface of bones in synovial joints
A
Articular cartilage
17
Q
One of the two upper chambers of the heart
A
Atrium
18
Q
The part of the nervous system, that regulates functions such as digestion and sweating, not controlled voluntarily
A
Autotomic nervous system
19
Q
Part of the skeleton comprising the skull, vertebral column and rib cage
A
Axial skeleton
20
Q
Extensions of a neuron that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body to the dendrites (receivers) of another neuron
A
Axons
21
Q
A joint that allows internal and external rotation, as well as bending
A
Ball and socket joint
22
Q
Portions of the nervous system, that when stimulated can cause an increase in the force of contraction of the heart, and increase heart rate, and bronchial dilation
A
Beta adrenergic receptors 
23
Q
The large muscle that covers the front of a humorous
A
Biceps
24
Q
The ducts that contain bile between the liver and intestines
A
Bile ducts
25
The pressure exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels, especially the arteries
Blood pressure
26
The major vessel in the upper extremities, that supplies blood to the arm
Brachial artery 
27
The area of the brain between the spinal cord and cerebrum, surrounded by the cerrabellum controls functions that are necessary for life, such as respirations
Brainstem
28
The heel bone
Calcaneus
29
Tiny blood vessels between the arterioles and venules that permit transfer of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and waste between body tissues in the blood
Capillary vessels
30
The heart muscle
Cardiac muscle
31
A measure of the volume of blood, circulated by the heart, in one minute, calculated by multiplying the stroke, volume by the heart rate
SV x HR = ____
Cardiac output CO
32
The major artery, that supplies, blood to the head and brain
Carotid artery
33
Small bones that compose the wrist
Carpals
34
The smooth connective tissue, that forms of support structure of the skeletal system, and provides cushioning between bones also forms and nasal septum and portions of the outer ear
Cartilage
35
The first part of the large intestine into which the ileum opens
Cecum
36
A set of chemical reactions that supply cells with energy includes both anaerobic and aerobic metabolism
Cellular metabolism
37
The brain and spinal cord
Central nervous system CNS
38
One of the three major subdivisions of the brain, sometimes called the little brain coordinates the various activities of the brain, particularly fine body movements
Cerebellum
39
Fluid produced in the ventricles of the brain that flows in the subarachnoid space and bathed the meninges
Cerebrospinal fluid CSF
40
The largest part of the three subdivisions of the brain sometimes called the gray matter, made up of several lobes that control movement hearing balance, speech, visual perception, emotions, and personality
Cerebrum
41
The portion of the vertebral column consisting of the first seven vertebrae that line the neck
Cervical spine
42
Thin band of fibrous tissue that attaches to the valves in the heart, and prevent them from inverting
Chordae tendineae
43
The substance that leaves the stomach it is a combination of all the eating foods with added stomach acids
Chyme
44
The complex arrangement of connected tubes, including the arteries, arterioles capillaries venues in veins that moves blood, oxygen nutrients carbon dioxide and cellular waste throughout the body
Circulatory system
45
The collarbone it is lateral to the sternum and anterior to the scapula
Clavicle
46
The last three or four vertebrae of the spine, the tailbone
Coccyx
47
An imaginary plane where the body is divided into front and back parts
Coronal frontal plane
48
The hip bones
Coxae
49
The part of the skull that encloses the brain, and is composed of a bones
Cranium
50
A firm ridge of cartilage that forms the lower part of the larynx
Cricoid cartilage
51
A thin sheet of facia that connects the thyroid, and the cricoid cartilages that make up the larynx
Cricothyroid membrane
52
Any portion of the airway that does not contain air and cannot participate in gas exchange such as the trachea and bronchi
Dead space
53
The inner layer of the skin containing hair follicular sweat glands nerve endings and blood vessels
Dermis
54
Muscular dome forms undersurface of thorax separating the chest from the abdominal cavity.
Diaphragm
55
Relaxation or period of relaxation of the heart especially of ventricles
Diastole
56
Movement of a gas from a area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Diffusion
57
The processing of food that nourishes the individual cells of body
Digestion
58
The artery on the anterior surface of the foot between the first and second metatarsals
Dorsalis pedis artery
59
The complex message and control system that integrates many body functions including the release of hormones
Endocrine system
60
Substances designed to speed up the rate of specific biochemical reactions
Enzymes
61
The outer layer of the skin which is made up of cells that are sealed together to form a water tight protective covering for the body
Epidermis
62
A thin leaf shaped valve that allows air to pass into the trachea but prevents food and liquid from entering
Epiglottis
63
A substance produced by the body (commonly called adrenaline) and a drug produced by pharmaceutical companies that increases pulse rate and blood pressure; drug of choice for an anaphylactic reaction
Epinephrine
64
A collapsible tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach; muscle contractions propel food and liquids through it to the stomac
Esophagus
65
The amount of air that can be exahaled following a normal exhalation; average volume is about 1200 mL in average adult man
Expiratory reserve volume
66
Straightening of the joint
Extension
67
Tubes that connect each ovary with the uterus and are the primary location for fertilization of the ovum
Fallopian tubes
68
Major artery of the thigh a continuation of the external iliac artery. Supplies blood to the lower abdominal wall external genitalia and legs it can be palpated in the groin area
Femoral artery
69
The proximal end of the femur articulating with the acetabulum to form the hip joint
Femoral head
70
The thigh bone the longest and one of the strongest bones in the body
Femur
71
Smaller of the two bones that form the lower leg located on the lateral side
Fibula
72
Bending of the joint
Flexion
73
Large opening at the base of the skull through which the brain connects to the spinal cord
Foramen magnum
74
The bones of the cranium that form the forehead
Frontal bones
75
A sac of the undersurface of the liver that collects bile from the liver and discharges it into the duodenum through the common bile duct
Gallbladder
76
Reproductive system in men and women
Genital system
77
Deepest layer of the epidermis where new skin cells are formed
Germinal layer
78
A bony prominence on the proximal lateral side of the thigh just below the hip joint
Greater trochanter
79
Small organs that produce hair
Hair follicles
80
Hollow muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body
Heart
81
A hollow muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body
Heart
82
The number of heartbeats during a specific time usually 1 min
Heart rate
83
A oxygen carrying protein found in red blood cells
Hemoglobin
84
Joints that can bend and straighten but cannot rotate; restrict motion to one place
Hinge joints
85
Substances formed in specialized organs or glands and carried to another organ or group of cells in the same organism regulate many body functions including metabolism growth and body temperature
Hormones
86
The supporting bone of the upper arm
Humerus
87
The pressure of water against the walls of the container
Hydrostatic pressure
88
An abnormally high level of co2 in the blood stream
Hypercapnia
89
A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to maintain normal cellular function
Hypoperfusion
90
Deficient oxygen concentration in the tissues
Hypoxia
91
A backup system to control respiration senses drops in the oxygen level in the blood
Hypoxic drive
92
One of three bones that fuse the pelvic ring
Illium, isheium pubic
93
One of the two largest veins in the body; Carries blood from the lower extremities to the pelvis and the abdominal organs of the heart
Inferior vena cava
94
The amount of air that can be inhaled in addition to the normal tidal volume
Inspriatory reserve volume
95
The space in between the cells
Interstitial space
96
Tough elastic structures between adjoining vertebrae that act as shock absorbers
Invertebral disk
97
The space within a cell or cells
Intracellular space
98
The muscle over which a a person has no conscious control it is found in many Autotomic regulating systems if the body
Involuntary muscle
99
One of the three bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring
Ilium, ischium, pubic
100
The place where two bones come into contract also called articulation
Joint
101
The fibrous sac that encloses a joint
Joint capsule
102
The two retroparitoneal organs that excrete the end products of metabolism as urine and regulate body’s salt and water content
Kidneys
103
The use of muscles of the chest back and abdomen to assist in expanding the chest occurs when air movement is impaired
Labored breathing
104
A metabolic byproduct of the breakdown of glucose that accumulates when metabolism proceeds in the absence of oxygen
Lactic acid
105
The portion of the digestive tube that encircles the abdomen around the small bowel consisting of the cecum the colon and rectum it helps regulate water balance and eliminate solid waste
Large intestines
106
The projection on the medial superior portion of the femur
Lesser trochanter
107
Bands of fibrous tissue that connect bones to bones. Ligaments support and strengthen a joint
Ligaments
108
A large solid organ that lies in the RUQ immediately below the diaphragm; produces bile stores glucose for immediate use by the body and produces many substances help regulate immune responses
Liver
109
The lower part of the back formed by the lowest five nonfused vertebrae also called the dorsal pedis
Lumbar spine
110
A thin straw-colored fluid that carries oxygen nutrients in hormones the sales and carries waste products of metabolism away from the sales in back into capillaries, so that they may be excluded
Lymph
111
Tiny, oval shaped structures located in various places along the length vessels, that filter lymph
Lymph nodes
112
A rounded bony prominence on either side of the ankle also called the ankle bone
Malleolus
113
The bone of the lower jaw
Mandible
114
The upper quarter of the sternum
Manubrium
115
The upper jaw bones that assist in the formation of the orbit, the nasal cavity, and the pallet and hold the upper teeth
Maxillae
116
Nerve tissue that is continuous unfairly with the spinal cord service have a conduction pathway for ascending and descending nerve, tracts, coordinates heart rate, blood vessel, diameter, breathing, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, and sneezing
Medulla oblongata
117
The bio chemical process that results in production of energy from nutrients within cells
Metabolism
118
Bones of the hand situated between the carpals and phalanges
Metacarpals
119
Bones of the foot situated between the tarsals in the phalanges
Metatarsals
120
Part of the brain that is responsible for helping to regulate the level of consciousness
Midbrain
121
An imaginary vertical line drawn from the middle of the forehead through the nose and the umbilicus to the floor, dividing the body into equal left and right halves
Mid sagittal plane (midline)
122
The volume of air that moves in and out of the lungs, per minute, calculated by multiplying the total volume in the respiratory rate
TV x RR
Minute volume
123
Nerves that carry information from the central nervous system to the muscles of the body
Motor nerves
124
The lining of body cavities and passages that communicate directly or indirectly with the environment outside the body
Mucous membranes
125
Watery secretions of the mucous membrane that lubricates the body openings
Mucus
126
The bones in the voluntary muscles of the body
Musculoskeletal system
127
The heart muscle
Myocardium
128
The part of the pharynx that lies above the level of the roof of the mouth or palate
 Nasopharynx
129
The system that controls virtually all activities of the body, but voluntary and involuntary
Nervous system
130
The functional unit of the nervous system also called nerve cells
 Neurons
131
A Neuro transmitter and drug sometimes used in the treatment of shock produces vasoconstriction through its alpha stimulator properties.
Norepinephrine
132
The most posterior bones of the cranium
Occipital bone
133
The pressure of water to move typically into the capillary as the result of the presence of plasma proteins
Oncotic pressure
134
The eye socket made up of the maxilla and zygoma
Orbit
135
A tubular structure that extends vertically from the back of the mouth to the esophagus and trachea
Oropharynx
136
The primary female reproductive organ that produces an ovum or egg, that if fertilized will develop into a fetus
Ovaries
137
A flat, solid organ that lies below the liver in the stomach. It is a major source of digestive enzymes that produces the hormone insulin.
Pancreas
138
A subdivision of the atomic nervous system involved in control of involuntary functions, mediated, largely by the vagus nerve through the chemical acetylcholine.
 Parasympathetic nervous system
