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Chapter 1 > Chapter 6 Human Body > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

Body cavity that contains many of the major organs of digestion and excretion located below the diaphragm and above the pelvis

A

Abdomen

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2
Q

The depression on the lateral pelvis, where it’s three component bones join in which there for moral head fit snugly

A

Acetabulum

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3
Q

The nucleotide involved in energy metabolism; used to store energy

A

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

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4
Q

Endocrine glands located on top of the kidneys, release, adrenaline when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system

A

Adrenal glands

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5
Q

Pertaining to nerves that release the Neuro transmitter, norepinephrine or noradrenaline

A

Adrenergic 

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6
Q

Metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of oxygen

A

Aerobic metabolism 

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7
Q

Abnormal breathing pattern, slow, gasping breaths, sometimes seen in patients in cardiac arrest

A

Agonal gasp 

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8
Q

Portions of the nervous system, when stimulated can cause constriction of blood vessels

A

Alpha adrenergic receptors

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9
Q

Air sacs of the lungs, in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place

A

Alveoli

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10
Q

Metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen; The main by product is lactic acid.

A

Anaerobic metabolism

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11
Q

The study of the physical structure of the body and its components

A

Anatomy

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12
Q

Main artery, leaving left side of the heart, carrying freshly oxygenated blood to the body

A

Aorta

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13
Q

The portion of the skeletal system that comprises the ARMS LEGS PELVIS SHOULDER GIRDLE

A

Appendicular skeleton

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14
Q

A small tubular structure that is attached to the lower border of the cecum in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen

A

Appendix

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15
Q

Smallest branches of arteries, leading to the vast network of capillaries

A

Arterioles

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16
Q

Pearly layer of specialized cartilage covering the articular surface of bones in synovial joints

A

Articular cartilage

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17
Q

One of the two upper chambers of the heart

A

Atrium

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18
Q

The part of the nervous system, that regulates functions such as digestion and sweating, not controlled voluntarily

A

Autotomic nervous system

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19
Q

Part of the skeleton comprising the skull, vertebral column and rib cage

A

Axial skeleton

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20
Q

Extensions of a neuron that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body to the dendrites (receivers) of another neuron

A

Axons

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21
Q

A joint that allows internal and external rotation, as well as bending

A

Ball and socket joint

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22
Q

Portions of the nervous system, that when stimulated can cause an increase in the force of contraction of the heart, and increase heart rate, and bronchial dilation

A

Beta adrenergic receptors 

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23
Q

The large muscle that covers the front of a humorous

A

Biceps

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24
Q

The ducts that contain bile between the liver and intestines

A

Bile ducts

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25
Q

The pressure exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels, especially the arteries

A

Blood pressure

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26
Q

The major vessel in the upper extremities, that supplies blood to the arm

A

Brachial artery 

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27
Q

The area of the brain between the spinal cord and cerebrum, surrounded by the cerrabellum controls functions that are necessary for life, such as respirations

A

Brainstem

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28
Q

The heel bone

A

Calcaneus

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29
Q

Tiny blood vessels between the arterioles and venules that permit transfer of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and waste between body tissues in the blood

A

Capillary vessels

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30
Q

The heart muscle

A

Cardiac muscle

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31
Q

A measure of the volume of blood, circulated by the heart, in one minute, calculated by multiplying the stroke, volume by the heart rate
SV x HR = ____

A

Cardiac output CO

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32
Q

The major artery, that supplies, blood to the head and brain

A

Carotid artery

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33
Q

Small bones that compose the wrist

A

Carpals

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34
Q

The smooth connective tissue, that forms of support structure of the skeletal system, and provides cushioning between bones also forms and nasal septum and portions of the outer ear

A

Cartilage

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35
Q

The first part of the large intestine into which the ileum opens

A

Cecum

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36
Q

A set of chemical reactions that supply cells with energy includes both anaerobic and aerobic metabolism

A

Cellular metabolism

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37
Q

The brain and spinal cord

A

Central nervous system CNS

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38
Q

One of the three major subdivisions of the brain, sometimes called the little brain coordinates the various activities of the brain, particularly fine body movements

A

Cerebellum

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39
Q

Fluid produced in the ventricles of the brain that flows in the subarachnoid space and bathed the meninges

A

Cerebrospinal fluid CSF

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40
Q

The largest part of the three subdivisions of the brain sometimes called the gray matter, made up of several lobes that control movement hearing balance, speech, visual perception, emotions, and personality

A

Cerebrum

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41
Q

The portion of the vertebral column consisting of the first seven vertebrae that line the neck

A

Cervical spine

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42
Q

Thin band of fibrous tissue that attaches to the valves in the heart, and prevent them from inverting

A

Chordae tendineae

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43
Q

The substance that leaves the stomach it is a combination of all the eating foods with added stomach acids

A

Chyme

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44
Q

The complex arrangement of connected tubes, including the arteries, arterioles capillaries venues in veins that moves blood, oxygen nutrients carbon dioxide and cellular waste throughout the body

A

Circulatory system

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45
Q

The collarbone it is lateral to the sternum and anterior to the scapula

A

Clavicle

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46
Q

The last three or four vertebrae of the spine, the tailbone

A

Coccyx

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47
Q

An imaginary plane where the body is divided into front and back parts

A

Coronal frontal plane

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48
Q

The hip bones

A

Coxae

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49
Q

The part of the skull that encloses the brain, and is composed of a bones

A

Cranium

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50
Q

A firm ridge of cartilage that forms the lower part of the larynx

A

Cricoid cartilage

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51
Q

A thin sheet of facia that connects the thyroid, and the cricoid cartilages that make up the larynx

A

Cricothyroid membrane

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52
Q

Any portion of the airway that does not contain air and cannot participate in gas exchange such as the trachea and bronchi

A

Dead space

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53
Q

The inner layer of the skin containing hair follicular sweat glands nerve endings and blood vessels

A

Dermis

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54
Q

Muscular dome forms undersurface of thorax separating the chest from the abdominal cavity.

A

Diaphragm

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55
Q

Relaxation or period of relaxation of the heart especially of ventricles

A

Diastole

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56
Q

Movement of a gas from a area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

A

Diffusion

57
Q

The processing of food that nourishes the individual cells of body

A

Digestion

58
Q

The artery on the anterior surface of the foot between the first and second metatarsals

A

Dorsalis pedis artery

59
Q

The complex message and control system that integrates many body functions including the release of hormones

A

Endocrine system

60
Q

Substances designed to speed up the rate of specific biochemical reactions

A

Enzymes

61
Q

The outer layer of the skin which is made up of cells that are sealed together to form a water tight protective covering for the body

A

Epidermis

62
Q

A thin leaf shaped valve that allows air to pass into the trachea but prevents food and liquid from entering

A

Epiglottis

63
Q

A substance produced by the body (commonly called adrenaline) and a drug produced by pharmaceutical companies that increases pulse rate and blood pressure; drug of choice for an anaphylactic reaction

A

Epinephrine

64
Q

A collapsible tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach; muscle contractions propel food and liquids through it to the stomac

A

Esophagus

65
Q

The amount of air that can be exahaled following a normal exhalation; average volume is about 1200 mL in average adult man

A

Expiratory reserve volume

66
Q

Straightening of the joint

A

Extension

67
Q

Tubes that connect each ovary with the uterus and are the primary location for fertilization of the ovum

A

Fallopian tubes

68
Q

Major artery of the thigh a continuation of the external iliac artery. Supplies blood to the lower abdominal wall external genitalia and legs it can be palpated in the groin area

A

Femoral artery

69
Q

The proximal end of the femur articulating with the acetabulum to form the hip joint

A

Femoral head

70
Q

The thigh bone the longest and one of the strongest bones in the body

A

Femur

71
Q

Smaller of the two bones that form the lower leg located on the lateral side

A

Fibula

72
Q

Bending of the joint

A

Flexion

73
Q

Large opening at the base of the skull through which the brain connects to the spinal cord

A

Foramen magnum

74
Q

The bones of the cranium that form the forehead

A

Frontal bones

75
Q

A sac of the undersurface of the liver that collects bile from the liver and discharges it into the duodenum through the common bile duct

A

Gallbladder

76
Q

Reproductive system in men and women

A

Genital system

77
Q

Deepest layer of the epidermis where new skin cells are formed

A

Germinal layer

78
Q

A bony prominence on the proximal lateral side of the thigh just below the hip joint

A

Greater trochanter

79
Q

Small organs that produce hair

A

Hair follicles

80
Q

Hollow muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body

A

Heart

81
Q

A hollow muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body

A

Heart

82
Q

The number of heartbeats during a specific time usually 1 min

A

Heart rate

83
Q

A oxygen carrying protein found in red blood cells

A

Hemoglobin

84
Q

Joints that can bend and straighten but cannot rotate; restrict motion to one place

A

Hinge joints

85
Q

Substances formed in specialized organs or glands and carried to another organ or group of cells in the same organism regulate many body functions including metabolism growth and body temperature

A

Hormones

86
Q

The supporting bone of the upper arm

A

Humerus

87
Q

The pressure of water against the walls of the container

A

Hydrostatic pressure

88
Q

An abnormally high level of co2 in the blood stream

A

Hypercapnia

89
Q

A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to maintain normal cellular function

A

Hypoperfusion

90
Q

Deficient oxygen concentration in the tissues

A

Hypoxia

91
Q

A backup system to control respiration senses drops in the oxygen level in the blood

A

Hypoxic drive

92
Q

One of three bones that fuse the pelvic ring

A

Illium, isheium pubic

93
Q

One of the two largest veins in the body; Carries blood from the lower extremities to the pelvis and the abdominal organs of the heart

A

Inferior vena cava

94
Q

The amount of air that can be inhaled in addition to the normal tidal volume

A

Inspriatory reserve volume

95
Q

The space in between the cells

A

Interstitial space

96
Q

Tough elastic structures between adjoining vertebrae that act as shock absorbers

A

Invertebral disk

97
Q

The space within a cell or cells

A

Intracellular space

98
Q

The muscle over which a a person has no conscious control it is found in many Autotomic regulating systems if the body

A

Involuntary muscle

99
Q

One of the three bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring

A

Ilium, ischium, pubic

100
Q

The place where two bones come into contract also called articulation

A

Joint

101
Q

The fibrous sac that encloses a joint

A

Joint capsule

102
Q

The two retroparitoneal organs that excrete the end products of metabolism as urine and regulate body’s salt and water content

A

Kidneys

103
Q

The use of muscles of the chest back and abdomen to assist in expanding the chest occurs when air movement is impaired

A

Labored breathing

104
Q

A metabolic byproduct of the breakdown of glucose that accumulates when metabolism proceeds in the absence of oxygen

A

Lactic acid

105
Q

The portion of the digestive tube that encircles the abdomen around the small bowel consisting of the cecum the colon and rectum it helps regulate water balance and eliminate solid waste

A

Large intestines

106
Q

The projection on the medial superior portion of the femur

A

Lesser trochanter

107
Q

Bands of fibrous tissue that connect bones to bones. Ligaments support and strengthen a joint

A

Ligaments

108
Q

A large solid organ that lies in the RUQ immediately below the diaphragm; produces bile stores glucose for immediate use by the body and produces many substances help regulate immune responses

A

Liver

109
Q

The lower part of the back formed by the lowest five nonfused vertebrae also called the dorsal pedis

A

Lumbar spine

110
Q

A thin straw-colored fluid that carries oxygen nutrients in hormones the sales and carries waste products of metabolism away from the sales in back into capillaries, so that they may be excluded

A

Lymph

111
Q

Tiny, oval shaped structures located in various places along the length vessels, that filter lymph

A

Lymph nodes

112
Q

A rounded bony prominence on either side of the ankle also called the ankle bone

A

Malleolus

113
Q

The bone of the lower jaw

A

Mandible

114
Q

The upper quarter of the sternum

A

Manubrium

115
Q

The upper jaw bones that assist in the formation of the orbit, the nasal cavity, and the pallet and hold the upper teeth

A

Maxillae

116
Q

Nerve tissue that is continuous unfairly with the spinal cord service have a conduction pathway for ascending and descending nerve, tracts, coordinates heart rate, blood vessel, diameter, breathing, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, and sneezing

A

Medulla oblongata

117
Q

The bio chemical process that results in production of energy from nutrients within cells

A

Metabolism

118
Q

Bones of the hand situated between the carpals and phalanges

A

Metacarpals

119
Q

Bones of the foot situated between the tarsals in the phalanges

A

Metatarsals

120
Q

Part of the brain that is responsible for helping to regulate the level of consciousness

A

Midbrain

121
Q

An imaginary vertical line drawn from the middle of the forehead through the nose and the umbilicus to the floor, dividing the body into equal left and right halves

A

Mid sagittal plane (midline)

122
Q

The volume of air that moves in and out of the lungs, per minute, calculated by multiplying the total volume in the respiratory rate
TV x RR

A

Minute volume

123
Q

Nerves that carry information from the central nervous system to the muscles of the body

A

Motor nerves

124
Q

The lining of body cavities and passages that communicate directly or indirectly with the environment outside the body

A

Mucous membranes

125
Q

Watery secretions of the mucous membrane that lubricates the body openings

A

Mucus

126
Q

The bones in the voluntary muscles of the body

A

Musculoskeletal system

127
Q

The heart muscle

A

Myocardium

128
Q

The part of the pharynx that lies above the level of the roof of the mouth or palate

A

 Nasopharynx

129
Q

The system that controls virtually all activities of the body, but voluntary and involuntary

A

Nervous system

130
Q

The functional unit of the nervous system also called nerve cells

A

 Neurons

131
Q

A Neuro transmitter and drug sometimes used in the treatment of shock produces vasoconstriction through its alpha stimulator properties.

A

Norepinephrine

132
Q

The most posterior bones of the cranium

A

Occipital bone

133
Q

The pressure of water to move typically into the capillary as the result of the presence of plasma proteins

A

Oncotic pressure

134
Q

The eye socket made up of the maxilla and zygoma

A

Orbit

135
Q

A tubular structure that extends vertically from the back of the mouth to the esophagus and trachea

A

Oropharynx

136
Q

The primary female reproductive organ that produces an ovum or egg, that if fertilized will develop into a fetus

A

Ovaries

137
Q

A flat, solid organ that lies below the liver in the stomach. It is a major source of digestive enzymes that produces the hormone insulin.

A

Pancreas

138
Q

A subdivision of the atomic nervous system involved in control of involuntary functions, mediated, largely by the vagus nerve through the chemical acetylcholine.

A

 Parasympathetic nervous system

Chapter 1 (39 decks)

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