Chapter 37 Patients With Special Challanges

Question 1

A group of complex disorders of brain development, characterized by difficulties on social interaction, repetitive behaviors and verbal and nonverbal communication.

Answer 1

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Question 2

A group of disorders characterized by poorly controlled body movement

Answer 2

Cerebral palsy

Question 3

A surgical procedure to create an opening (stoma) between the colon and the surface of the body

Answer 3

Colostomy

Question 4

Hearing loss caused by faulty transmission of sound waves.

Answer 4

Conductive hearing loss

Question 5

Insufficient development of the brain, resulting in some level of dysfunction or impairment

Answer 5

Developmental disability

Question 6

A genetic chromosomal defect that can occur during fetal development and that results in intellectual impairment as well as certain physical characteristics, such as a round head with a flat occiput and slanted wide eye sets

Answer 6

Down syndrome

Question 7

A surgical procedure to create an opening (stoma) between the small intestine and the surface of the body

Answer 7

Ileostomy

Question 8

A subset of developmental disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and skills needed for daily living

Answer 8

Intellectual disability

Question 9

A complex condition in which a person has an excessive amount of body fat

Answer 9

Obesity

Question 10

A permanent lack of hearing caused by a lesion or damage of the inner ear

Answer 10

Sensorineural deafness

Question 11

Tubes that drain excess cerebrospinal fluid from the brain to another part of the body outside of the brain. Such as the abdomen; lowers the pressure of the brain.

Answer 11

Shunts

Question 12

A development defect in which a portion of the spinal cord or meninges may protrude outside of the, usually at the lower third of the spine in the lumbar area

Answer 12

Spina bifida

Question 13

An opening through the skin and into the trachea; a stoma in the neck connects the trachea to the skin.

Answer 13

Tracheostomy

Question 14

A plastic tube placed within the tracheostomy site (stoma)

Answer 14

Tracheostomy tube

Question 15

A surgical procedure to create an opening (stoma) that connects the urinary system to the surface of the skin and allows urine to drain through the abdominal wall.

Answer 15

Urostomy