Chapter 6: Human Body

Question 1

Skull

Answer 1

-28 bones
3 groups:
Cranium- 8 bones
Facial- 14 bones
Ear- 3 bones

Question 2

Spinal Column

Answer 2

-33 vertebrae
Cervical- 7
Thoracic- 12
Lumbar- 5
Sacral- 5 fused
Coccyx- 4 fused

Question 3

Greater vs Lesser Trochanter

Answer 3

Lesser- Medial side of femur
Greater- Lateral of femur

Question 4

Upper Airway

Answer 4

-Nasopharynx
-Nassal air passageway
-Pharynx
-Oropharynx
-Mouth
-Epiglottis
-Larynopharynx
-Larynx (voice box)

Question 5

Lower Airway

Answer 5

-Trachea
-Alveoli
-Bronchioles
-Main bronchi

Question 6

Inhilation

Answer 6

-Diaphram and intercostals contract
-Diaphram flattens and moves down
-Intercostals move ribs up and out
-As volume of the cavity increase, pressure falls and air moves in (negative pressure breathing)

Question 7

Exhilation

Answer 7

-Diaphram and intercostals relax
-Volume decreases and pressure increases, air moves out of lungs

Question 8

Ventillation

Answer 8

Moving air in and out

Question 9

Respiration

Answer 9

Internal: Tissue level
External: Lungs and atmposhere

Question 10

Hypoxic Drive

Answer 10

O2 levels fall, O2 sensors in brain, aorta, carotid send out signals that O2 is needed

Question 11

Dead Space

Answer 11

Areas in respiratory system that do not have any alveoli: mouth, trachea, bronchi

Question 12

Tunica Media

Answer 12

Middle layer of artery that can contract and dilate

Question 13

Central and Peripheral Pulses

Answer 13

Central:
-Carotid
-Femoral
Peripheral:
-Radial
-Brachial
-Posterior tibia
-Dordalis pedis

Question 14

SVR

Answer 14

Systemic vascular resistance
-SVR= (MAP-CVP) / CO x 80
-Total peripheral resistance (TPR)
-Resistance of bloof flow in all vessels except pulmonary

Question 15

MAP

Answer 15

Mean arteriole pressure
-Avg arteriole pressure in systole and diastole
-MAP= SBP + 2 (DBP)

Question 16

Functions of blood

Answer 16

-Fight inf
-Transport O2/CO2/wastes and nutrients
-Clotting
-Controls pH (buffer)

Question 17

Alpha and Beta Andrenergic Receptors

Answer 17

Alpha 1- Vasoconstriction, cool clammy skin
Alpha 2- Inhibition of pre and post synaptic terminal transmission
Beta 1- Increase HR and contractility
Beta 2- Brocnhioldilation

Question 18

Parasympathetic NS Receptors

Answer 18

Muscarinic
Heart- Decrease HR and contractility

Question 19

RAS

Answer 19

Reticular activating system
-Stimulates the cerebral cortex
-Wakefulness and awareness

Question 20

Occipital Lobe

Answer 20

Vision and storage of memories

Question 21

Parietal Lobe

Answer 21

Sense of touch and texture

Question 22

Temporal Lobe

Answer 22

Hearing, smell and language

Question 23

Frontal Lobe

Answer 23

Voluntary muscle control

Question 24

Prefrontal

Answer 24

Judgement and predicting consequences of actions

Question 25

Limbic System

Answer 25

Basic emotions and reflexes

Question 26

V/Q Ratio

Answer 26

Ventillation/perfusion ratio

Question 27

Types of shock

Answer 27

-Hypovolemic
-Cardiogenic
-Obstructive
-Anaphylactic
-Septic
-Neurogenic

Question 28

Respiratory Compromise (ventillation)

Answer 28

Causes
-Damage to centers of brain
-Chest injury
-Obstruction of airway
Effect
-CO2 increase
-erratic breathing
-Depth and rate of breathing decrease

Question 29

Respiratory Compromise (Respiration)

Answer 29

Causes
-Fluid in alveoli
-Mucus or infectious wastes
-Impaired BF
Effects
-Prevention of gaseous exchange
-BF restricted at tissue (Internal)

Question 30

Respiratory Compromise (O2)

Answer 30

Causes
-Decreased O2
-Increased CO2
-Toxins inhaled
Effects
-Affect O2 carrying capacity and diffusion of gases

Question 31

Special Pops Anatomy

Answer 31

-Resp system is smaller and less rigid
-Tongue takes up proportionally more space
-Nasal and abdominal breathers

Question 32

Special pops Respiratory

Answer 32

-Muscle retractions
-Nasal flarring
-Seesaw respirations (abdomen and chest)
-Grunting to keep airways open
-Forceful exhilation (wheezing)