Chapter 17: Cardiovascular Emergencies

Question 1

Arteries supply of O2

Answer 1

carotid
subclavian
brachial
radial ulnar
iliac
femoral
tibial
dorsal

Question 2

Pulse areas

Answer 2

carotid
brachial (children/infants)
radial (conscious)
femoral
radial
dorsal pedis
posterior tibial

Question 3

Atherosclerosis

Answer 3

blockage in BV
narrowing lumen (inner layer of vessel)

Question 4

Thromboembolism

Answer 4

Clot floating around until it enters a narrow area and blocks BF

Question 5

Acute coronary syndrome

Answer 5

myocardial ischemia (lack of BF)
-angina pectoris or angina: heart not getting enough O2, spasm of artery

Question 6

Unstable vs Stable angina

Answer 6

unstable- occurs in the absense of increased O2 demand
stable- occurs where O2 need has increased

Question 7

AMI

Answer 7

ischemia leads to infarction or
dead heart cells
decreases contractility
- can use thrombolytic meds or angioplasty to restore BF

radiating arm pain
chest pain
pressure in lower jaw
-pink frothy sputum (like CHF) left sided heart decrease contractility and backup into pulmonary vessels

Question 8

Left sided vs right sided heart failure

Answer 8

Left sided failure from AMI
right sided- from left sided issues

Question 9

Premature Ventricular Contractions

Answer 9

Contractility is off in heart vessels

Question 10

Hypertensive emergencies

Answer 10

Systolic greater than 180mmHg
sudden severe headache
dizziness
nosebleed
sudden pulmonary edema

Question 11

Aortic Aneurysm

Answer 11

different BP
sudden chest pain

Question 12

AMI vs Dissecting Aneurysm

Answer 12

onset- gradual vs abrupt
quality- tightness vs sharp or tearing
severity- increase w time vs max from onset
timing- wax and wane vs does not abate
region- substernal; back is rarely involved vs between shoulder blades
clinical signs- peripheral pulse pressure vs BP discrepancy

Question 13

Nitroglycerin

Answer 13

.4 mg sublingual
relaxed blood vessels
vasodilation
decreases preload
systolic >100 mm Hg
head injury
erectile dysfunction drugs
max dose has been given (3 tablets)

Question 14

Aspirin

Answer 14

anti platelete coagulant
81 mg tablets

Question 15

Electrodes placement

Answer 15

V1-V2- 4th intercoastal space (sternum sides)
V4- nipple midclavicular
V6- midaxillary line
V3 and V5 in between others (1-6)

Limb electrodes
clouds over grass (right side white and green)
smoke over fire (left side black over red)

Question 16

Management of ROSC

Answer 16

Maintain SpO2 95-99
Get a BP