Chapter 6 Grammar 2

Question 1

el pasado perfecto

el pluscuamperfecto

Answer 1

• past perfect
• pluperfect
• uses the compound construction “to have” (haber) + past participle to refer to an action completed before another action in the past
• “Before teaching here, I had taught at various other universities.”

Question 2

the present perfect…

Answer 2

…refers to an action completed before the present moment

-“I have taught at this university since 2001.”

Question 3

With the past perfect tense, the auxiliary verb haber is conjugated in the…

Answer 3

imperfect.

Question 4

Haber imperfect indicative conjugation

Answer 4

había
habías
había
habíamos
habíais
habían

Question 5

When the past perfect tense is used in a subordinate clause that requires the subjunctive…

Answer 5

…the past perfect subjunctive is required.

Question 6

Haber past perfect subjunctive conjugation

Answer 6

hubiera
hubieras
hubiera
hubiéramos
hubierais
hubieran

Question 7

The main verb is paired with the simple past when the action in the subordinate clause occurs…

Answer 7

…at the same time or after the main verb.

• “I thought that he was coming/would come.”
• “I didn’t think that he was coming/would come.”
• creía / venía
• creía / viniera

Question 8

The main verb is paired with the past perfect when the action in the subordinate clause occurs…

Answer 8

…before the main verb.

• “I thought that he had arrived.”
• “I didn’t think that he had arrived.”
• había
• hubiera

Question 9

The past perfect subjunctive is used in a main clause after…

Answer 9

…ojalá to express a hypothetical situation in the past (i.e., on contrary-to-fact)

• “I wish that I had studied more.”
• “If only we had gone to class today.”
• hubiera
• hubiéramos

Question 10

el futuro perfecto y el condicional perfecto

Answer 10

• the future perfect tense
• the conditional perfect tense
• both use the compound construction “to have” (haber) + past participle
• both of these tenses express an action that occurs before some moment in the future, whether that moment is in the future of the present (the future perfect tense) or the future of the past (the conditional perfect tense)
• “I think that by Friday I will have completed the project.”
• “I thought that by Friday I would have completed the project.”
• habré
• habría

Question 11

With the future perfect tense, the auxiliary verb haber is conjugated…

Answer 11

…in the future.

• “By April, I will have worked here for ten years.”
• habré

Question 12

Future conjugation of haber

Answer 12

habré
habrás
habrá
habremos
habréis
habrán

Question 13

With the conditional perfect tense, the auxiliary verb haber is conjugated in the…

Answer 13

…conditional.

• “I thought that by how, I would have retired already, but that’s not the case.”
• habría

Question 14

Conditional conjugation of haber

Answer 14

habría
habrías
habría
habríamos
habríais
habrían

Question 15

Unlike in English, no words intervene between…

Answer 15

…haber and the subsequent past participle.

Question 16

The future perfect is used to express an action…

Answer 16

…completed before another moment in the future.

• “They will have graded the exams by Wednesday.”
• habrán

Question 17

The future perfect is anchored…

Answer 17

…in the present time frame.

Question 18

The conditional perfect is used to express an action…

Answer 18

…completed before a future moment in the past.

• “They thought that by the age of 28, he would have finished his doctorate.”
• habría

Question 19

The conditional perfect is anchored…

Answer 19

…in the past time frame.

Question 20

The conditional perfect is also used…

Answer 20

…to express hypothetical situations in the past.

• “If I worked more, I would earn more money.”
• “If I had worked more, I would have earned more money.”
• trabajara, ganaría
• hubiera trabajado, habría ganado

Question 21

past perfect

Answer 21

imperfect